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Shape morphing magnetic soft materials, composed of magnetic particles in a soft polymer matrix, can transform shapes reversibly, remotely, and rapidly, finding diverse applications in actuators, soft robotics, and biomedical devices. To…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-11-17 Xiao Kuang , Shuai Wu , Yi Jin , Qiji Ze , S. Macrae Montgomery , Liang Yue , H. Jerry Qi , Ruike Zhao

Deployable structures, essential across various engineering applications ranging from umbrellas to satellites, are evolving to include soft, morphable designs where geometry drives transformation. However, a major challenge for soft…

Future active metamaterials for reconfigurable structural applications require fast, untethered, reversible, and reprogrammable (multimodal) transformability with shape locking. Herein, we aim to construct and demonstrate a…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-04-17 Bihui Zou , Zihe Liang , Zhiming Cui , Kai Xiao , Shuang Shao , Jaehyung Ju

The ability to change a surface's profile allows biological systems to effectively manipulate and blend into their surroundings. Current surface morphing techniques rely either on having a small number of fixed states or on directly driving…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-12-17 Sawyer Thomas , Jeffrey Lipton

Shape-morphing metamaterials enable adaptive structures capable of complex functional deformations, with applications ranging from reconfigurable structures and soft robotics to medical devices. However, their design remains challenging due…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Jipeng Cui , Wei "Wayne" Chen

The rapid design and fabrication of soft robotic matter is of growing interest for shape morphing, actuation, and wearable devices. Here, we report a facile fabrication method for creating soft robotic materials with embedded pneumatics…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-05-26 Jackson K. Wilt , Natalie M. Larson , Jennifer A. Lewis

Advances in 3D printing technology now enable the precise positioning of microscopic material voxels to form complex structures. Combined with emerging multi-material capabilities and printable responsive materials, this opens new…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-03-17 Ido Levin , Ela Sachyani , Rama Lieberman , Noa Battat , Eran Sharon , Shlomo Magdassi

Reconfigurable metasurfaces are potent platforms to control the propagation properties of light dynamically. Among different reconfiguration mechanisms available at optical frequencies, using non-volatile phase change materials is one of…

Optics · Physics 2024-12-03 Luis Manuel Máñez-Espina , Ana Díaz-Rubio

Tunable metasurfaces enable active and on-demand control over optical wavefronts through reconfigurable scattering of resonant nanostructures. Here, we present novel insights inspired by mechanical metamaterials to achieve giant tunability…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-31 Freek van Gorp , Wenfeng Liu , Corentin Coulais , Jorik van de Groep

Natural filaments, such as proteins, plant tendrils, octopus tentacles, and elephant trunks, can transform into arbitrary three-dimensional shapes that carry out vital functions. Their shape-morphing behavior arises from intricate…

Mechanical metamaterials leverage geometric design to achieve unconventional properties, such as high strength at low density, efficient wave guiding, and complex shape morphing. The ability to control shape changes builds on the complex…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-01-28 Krzysztof K. Dudek , Muamer Kadic , Corentin Coulais , Katia Bertoldi

Metamaterials can enable peculiar static and dynamic behavior (such as negative effective mass density, dynamical stiffness, and Poisson's ratio) due to their geometry rather than their chemical composition. The geometry of these…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-01-03 Audrey A. Watkins , Austin Eichelberg , Osama R. Bilal

Learning to change shape is a fundamental strategy of adaptation and evolution of living organisms, from bacteria and cells to tissues and animals. Human-made materials can also exhibit advanced shape morphing capabilities, but lack the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-10-31 Yao Du , Ryan van Mastrigt , Jonas Veenstra , Corentin Coulais

Metasurfaces are promising two-dimensional metamaterials that are engineered to provide unique properties or functionalities absent in naturally occurring homogeneous surfaces. Here, we report a type of metasurface for tailored…

Optics · Physics 2014-05-21 Jiao Lin , Qian Wang , Guanghui Yuan , Luping Du , Shan Shan Kou , Xiao-Cong Yuan

Metasurfaces, a two-dimensional (2D) form of metamaterials constituted by planar meta-atoms, exhibit exotic abilities to freely tailor electromagnetic (EM) waves. Over the past decade, tunable metasurfaces have come to the frontier in the…

Shape-programmable soft materials that exhibit integrated multifunctional shape manipulations, including reprogrammable, untethered, fast, and reversible shape transformation and locking, are highly desirable for a plethora of applications,…

Recently, new artificial material has been proposed to control an electromagnetic wave-metasurface, a two-dimensional metamaterial. Compared with a three-dimensional bulky metamaterial, this artificial plane material with sub-wavelength…

Optics · Physics 2019-07-12 Chong Sheng , Hui Liu , Shining Zhu

The emergence of metamaterial has provided an unprecedented ability to manipulate electromagnetic waves, especially in the terahertz band where there is a lack of natural response materials. However, most metamaterials are fixed single…

Optics · Physics 2023-07-12 Bo Yu , Lesiqi Yin , Peng Wang , Cheng Gong

Actively tunable and reconfigurable wavefront shaping by optical metasurfaces poses a significant technical challenge often requiring unconventional materials engineering and nanofabrication. Most wavefront-shaping metasurfaces can be…

Optics · Physics 2020-08-24 Stephanie C. Malek , Adam C. Overvig , Sajan Shrestha , Nanfang Yu

Optical metasurfaces (OMSs) have shown unprecedented capabilities for versatile wavefront manipulations at the subwavelength scale, thus opening fascinating perspectives for next generation ultracompact optical devices and systems. However,…

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