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A reliable representation of uncertainty is essential for the application of modern machine learning methods in safety-critical settings. In this regard, the use of credal sets (i.e., convex sets of probability distributions) has recently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Paul Hofman , Timo Löhr , Maximilian Muschalik , Yusuf Sale , Eyke Hüllermeier

Classical linear metric learning methods have recently been extended along two distinct lines: deep metric learning methods for learning embeddings of the data using neural networks, and Bregman divergence learning approaches for extending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Kubra Cilingir , Rachel Manzelli , Brian Kulis

In regression problems where there is no known true underlying model, conformal prediction methods enable prediction intervals to be constructed without any assumptions on the distribution of the underlying data, except that the training…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-31 Wenyu Chen , Kelli-Jean Chun , Rina Foygel Barber

Estimating the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between random variables is a fundamental problem in statistical analysis. For continuous random variables, traditional information-theoretic estimators scale poorly with dimension and/or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Mikil Foss , Andrew Lamperski

We prove results on the decidability and complexity of computing the total variation distance (equivalently, the $L_1$-distance) of hidden Markov models (equivalently, labelled Markov chains). This distance measures the difference between…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-18 Stefan Kiefer

We present a unified technique for sequential estimation of convex divergences between distributions, including integral probability metrics like the kernel maximum mean discrepancy, $\varphi$-divergences like the Kullback-Leibler…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-14 Tudor Manole , Aaditya Ramdas

Divergence measures have a long association with statistical inference, machine learning and information theory. The density power divergence and related measures have produced many useful (and popular) statistical procedures, which provide…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-09-07 Souvik Ray , Subrata Pal , Sumit Kumar Kar , Ayanendranath Basu

Uncertainty estimation in deep models is essential in many real-world applications and has benefited from developments over the last several years. Recent evidence suggests that existing solutions dependent on simple Gaussian formulations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Jurijs Nazarovs , Ronak R. Mehta , Vishnu Suresh Lokhande , Vikas Singh

Decomposable dependency models and their graphical counterparts, i.e., chordal graphs, possess a number of interesting and useful properties. On the basis of two characterizations of decomposable models in terms of independence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-08 Luis M. de Campos , Juan F. Huete

Divergence is not only an important mathematical concept in information theory, but also applied to machine learning problems such as low-dimensional embedding, manifold learning, clustering, classification, and anomaly detection. We…

Computation · Statistics 2016-11-22 Kun Yang , Hao Su , Wing Hung Wong

Several scalable sample-based methods to compute the Kullback Leibler (KL) divergence between two distributions have been proposed and applied in large-scale machine learning models. While they have been found to be unstable, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Sandesh Ghimire , Prashnna K Gyawali , Linwei Wang

Model averaging is a useful and robust method for dealing with model uncertainty in statistical analysis. Often, it is useful to consider data subset selection at the same time, in which model selection criteria are used to compare models…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-26 Ethan T. Neil , Jacob W. Sitison

Construction of ambiguity set in robust optimization relies on the choice of divergences between probability distributions. In distribution learning, choosing appropriate probability distributions based on observed data is critical for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-24 Xin Guo , Johnny Hong , Nan Yang

The problem of estimating an unknown discrete distribution from its samples is a fundamental tenet of statistical learning. Over the past decade, it attracted significant research effort and has been solved for a variety of divergence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Yi Hao , Alon Orlitsky , Venkatadheeraj Pichapati

Differential privacy is a widely studied notion of privacy for various models of computation. Technically, it is based on measuring differences between probability distributions. We study $\epsilon,\delta$-differential privacy in the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Dmitry Chistikov , Andrzej S. Murawski , David Purser

The Chernoff information between two probability measures is a statistical divergence measuring their deviation defined as their maximally skewed Bhattacharyya distance. Although the Chernoff information was originally introduced for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Frank Nielsen

The Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is frequently used in data science. For discrete distributions on large state spaces, approximations of probability vectors may result in a few small negative entries, rendering the KL divergence…

Credal sets, i.e., closed convex sets of probability measures, provide a natural framework to represent aleatoric and epistemic uncertainty in machine learning. Yet how to quantify these two types of uncertainty for a given credal set,…

While likelihood-based inference and its variants provide a statistically efficient and widely applicable approach to parametric inference, their application to models involving intractable likelihoods poses challenges. In this work, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-17 Francois-Xavier Briol , Alessandro Barp , Andrew B. Duncan , Mark Girolami

In binary classification tasks, accurate representation of probabilistic predictions is essential for various real-world applications such as predicting payment defaults or assessing medical risks. The model must then be well-calibrated to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Agathe Fernandes Machado , Arthur Charpentier , Emmanuel Flachaire , Ewen Gallic , François Hu