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The public and scientists constantly have different perspectives. While on a time crystal, they stand in line and ask: What is a time crystal? Show me a material that is spontaneously crystalline in time? This study synthesizes a photonic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-15 Bing Wang , Jiaqi Quan , Jianfei Han , Xiaopeng Shen , Hongwei Wu , Yiming Pan

Time crystals are classified into discrete time crystals and continuous time crystals based on whether they spontaneously break time-translation symmetry. Continuous-time crystals do not require external driving. By introducing AdS/CFT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Ximo Wang , Qiwei Han , Zhenqi Bai , Hongyan Fan , Yichi Zhang

Cosmological time crystals are created when a scalar field moves periodically through phase space in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetime due to the presence of a limit cycle. All such cosmological time crystals in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-02-13 Damien A. Easson , Tucker Manton

This tutorial offers a comprehensive overview of photonic time crystals - artificial materials whose electromagnetic properties are periodically modulated in time at scales comparable to the oscillation period of light while remaining…

Optics · Physics 2024-12-04 M. M. Asgari , P. Garg , X. Wang , M. S. Mirmoosa , C. Rockstuhl , V. Asadchy

Time crystals correspond to a phase of matter where time-translational symmetry (TTS) is broken. Up to date, they are well studied in open quantum systems, where external drive allows to break discrete TTS, ultimately leading to Floquet…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-27 Valerii K. Kozin , Oleksandr Kyriienko

Time crystals are many-body systems that spontaneously break time-translation symmetry, and thus exhibit long-range spatiotemporal order and robust periodic motion. Recent results have demonstrated how to build time-crystal phases in driven…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-11 R. Hurtado-Gutiérrez , C. Pérez-Espigares , P. I. Hurtado

We define topological time crystals, a dynamical phase of periodically driven quantum many-body systems capturing the coexistence of intrinsic topological order with the spontaneous breaking of discrete time-translation symmetry. We show…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2024-11-15 Thorsten B. Wahl , Bo Han , Benjamin Béri

Time crystal is defined as a phase of matter spontaneously exhibiting a periodicity in time. Previous studies focused on discrete quantum time crystals under periodic drive. Here, we propose a time crystal model based on a levitated charged…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-27 Yi Huang , Qihao Guo , Anda Xiong , Tongcang Li , Zhang-qi Yin

We introduce a new class of out-of-equilibrium noninteracting topological phases, the topological space-time crystals. These are time-dependent quantum systems which do not have discrete spatial translation symmetries, but instead are…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-05-06 Yang Peng

A discrete time crystal is a phase unique to nonequilibrium systems, where discrete time translation symmetry is spontaneously broken. Most of conventional time crystals proposed so far rely on spontaneous breaking of on-site symmetries and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-08-30 Kaoru Mizuta , Kazuaki Takasan , Masaya Nakagawa , Norio Kawakami

Time crystals are a nonequilibrium phase of matter that extend fundamental spontaneous symmetry breaking into the temporal dimension, typically requiring external driving for their realization. Here, we explore the nonequilibrium phase…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Shu Yang , Zeqing Wang , Libin Fu , Jianwen Jie

Kinematical and dynamical mechanisms leading to the spontaneous breaking of space-time symmetries are described. The symmetries affected are space and time translations, space rotations, scale and conformal transformations. Applications are…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-03-13 Eliezer Rabinovici

We consider the possibility that classical dynamical systems display motion in their lowest energy state, forming a time analogue of crystalline spatial order. Challenges facing that idea are identified and overcome. We display arbitrary…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-05-30 Alfred Shapere , Frank Wilczek

Discrete time-crystals are periodically driven quantum many-body systems with broken discrete-time translational symmetry, a non-equilibrium steady state representing self-organization of motion of quantum particles. Observations of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-06-28 Subhajit Sarkar , Yonatan Dubi

Driven many-body systems have been shown to exhibit discrete time crystal phases characterized by broken discrete time-translational symmetry. This has been achieved generally through a subharmonic response, in which the system undergoes…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2021-05-13 Zachary G. Nicolaou , Adilson E. Motter

Despite being forbidden in equilibrium, spontaneous breaking of time translation symmetry can occur in periodically driven, Floquet systems with discrete time-translation symmetry. The period of the resulting discrete time crystal is…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-06-21 Norman Y. Yao , Andrew C. Potter , Ionut-Dragos Potirniche , Ashvin Vishwanath

Time crystal is a class of non-equilibrium phases with broken time-translational symmetry. Here we demonstrate the time crystal in a single-mode nonlinear cavity. The time crystal originates from the self-oscillation induced by a linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-05 Yaohua Li , Chenyang Wang , Yuanjiang Tang , Yong-Chun Liu

The phenomenon of local dynamical inhomogeneity of time is predicted, which implies that the course of time along the trajectory of motion of a particle in the inertial reference frames moving relative to each other depends on the state of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. P. Oleinik , Yu. C. Borimsky , Yu. D. Arepjev

It is known that the spontaneous time translation symmetry breaking can occur in systems periodically driven at a certain period. We predict a spontaneous breaking of time translation symmetry in an atom-cavity system without external…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-08 T. T. Sergeev , A. A. Zyablovsky , E. S. Andrianov , Yu. E. Lozovik

Topologically ordered phases of matter elude Landau's symmetry-breaking theory, featuring a variety of intriguing properties such as long-range entanglement and intrinsic robustness against local perturbations. Their extension to…