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Related papers: Automated experiment in 4D-STEM: exploring emergen…

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The advent of modern, high-speed electron detectors has made the collection of multidimensional hyperspectral transmission electron microscopy datasets, such as 4D-STEM, a routine. However, many microscopists find such experiments daunting…

We introduce a machine learning approach to determine the transition dynamics of silicon atoms on a single layer of carbon atoms, when stimulated by the electron beam of a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Our method is…

We present a new analysis method for atomic resolution four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM, in which a diffraction pattern is collected at each point of a raster scan of a focused electron beam across the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-08-11 Yining Xie , Eoin Moynihan , Marin Alexe , Louis Piper , Ana Sanchez , Richard Beanland

High quality scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) data acquisition and analysis has become increasingly important due to the commercial demand for investigating the properties of complex materials such as battery cathodes;…

The functionality of ferroelastic domain walls in ferroelectric materials is explored in real-time via the in-situ implementation of computer vision algorithms in scanning probe microscopy (SPM) experiment. The robust deep convolutional…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-06-24 Yongtao Liu , Kyle P. Kelley , Hiroshi Funakubo , Sergei V. Kalinin , Maxim Ziatdinov

All materials are made from atoms arranged either in repeating (crystalline) or in random (amorphous) structures. Diffraction measurements probe average distances between atoms and/or planes of atoms. A transmission electron microscope in…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-07-24 Andreas Werbrouck , Nikhila C. Paranamana , Xiaoqing He , Matthias J. Young

(Scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)TEM) has significantly advanced materials science but faces challenges in correlating precise atomic structure information with the functional properties of devices due to its time-intensive…

Characterizing crystal structures and interfaces down to the atomic level is an important step for designing advanced materials. Modern electron microscopy routinely achieves atomic resolution and is capable to resolve complex arrangements…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-09-07 Andreas Leitherer , Byung Chul Yeo , Christian H. Liebscher , Luca M. Ghiringhelli

The concept of compressive sensing was recently proposed to significantly reduce the electron dose in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) while still maintaining the main features in the image. Here, an experimental setup based…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-03-23 Armand Béché , Bart Goris , Bert Freitag , Jo Verbeeck

The link between changes in the material crystal structure and its mechanical, electronic, magnetic, and optical functionalities - known as the structure-property relationship - is the cornerstone of the contemporary materials science…

Materials Science · Physics 2016-11-23 Maxim Ziatdinov , Shintaro Fujii , Manabu Kiguchi , Toshiaki Enoki , Stephen Jesse , Sergei Kalinin

Over the last decade, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has emerged as a powerful tool for probing atomic structures of complex materials with picometer precision, opening the pathway toward exploring ferroelectric,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2021-12-23 Ayana Ghosh , Christopher T. Nelson , Mark Oxley , Xiaohang Zhang , Maxim Ziatdinov , Ichiro Takeuchi , Sergei V. Kalinin

Understanding elementary mechanisms behind solid-state phase transformations and reactions is the key to optimizing desired functional properties of many technologically relevant materials. Recent advances in scanning transmission electron…

Despite the widespread use of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM) for observing the structure of materials at the atomic scale, a detailed understanding of some relevant electron beam damage mechanisms is limited. Recent…

Advancements in fast electron detectors have enabled the statistically significant sampling of crystal structures on the nanometre scale by means of Scanning Electron Nanobeam Diffraction (SEND). Characterisation of structural similarity…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-07-28 Andy Bridger , William I. F. David , Thomas J. Wood , Mohsen Danaie , Keith T. Butler

Nowadays, modern electron microscopes deliver images at atomic scale. The precise atomic structure encodes information about material properties. Thus, an important ingredient in the image analysis is to locate the centers of the atoms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-13 Benjamin Berkels , Benedikt Wirth

We introduce a new image contrast mechanism for scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) that derives from the local symmetry within the specimen. For a given position of the electron probe on the specimen, the image intensity is…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-12-30 Matus Krajnak , Joanne Etheridge

We explore the possibility for the reconstruction of the generative physical models describing interactions between atomic units in solids from observational electron microscopy data. Here, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-02-02 M. Chakraborty , M. Ziatdinov , O. Dyck , S. Jesse , A. D. White , S. V. Kalinin

Microscopy combined with local spectroscopy is widely used to correlate nanoscale structure with functional properties in materials, but conventional measurements rely heavily on human-selected sampling locations and predefined targets,…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-19 Jiawei Gong , Danqing Ma , Ralph Bulanadi , Robert Moore , Rama Vasudevan , Lianfeng Zhao , Yongtao Liu

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is a crucial technique for material surface analysis, yet interpreting its spectra is often challenging for both human analysts and automated methods due to the prevalence of variable spectral shifts…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-03-06 Issa Saddiq , Yuxin Fan , Robert G. Palgrave , Mark A. Isaacs , David Morgan , Keith T. Butler

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has become a cornerstone instrument for semiconductor materials metrology, enabling nanoscale analysis of complex multilayer structures that define device performance. Developing effective…