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As virtual reality (VR) systems become increasingly more advanced, they are likewise expected to respond intelligently and adapt to individual user states, abilities, and preferences. Recent work has explored how VR can be adapted and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Tangyao Li , Yitong Zhu , Hai-Ning Liang , Yuyang Wang

Interactive fictions, or text-adventures, are games in which a player interacts with a world entirely through textual descriptions and text actions. Text-adventure games are typically structured as puzzles or quests wherein the player must…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Prithviraj Ammanabrolu , William Broniec , Alex Mueller , Jeremy Paul , Mark O. Riedl

Referential games offer a grounded learning environment for neural agents which accounts for the fact that language is functionally used to communicate. However, they do not take into account a second constraint considered to be fundamental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Gautier Dagan , Dieuwke Hupkes , Elia Bruni

Procedural content generation has been applied to many domains, especially level design, but the narrative affordances of generated game environments are comparatively understudied. In this paper we present our first attempt to study these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Florence Smith Nicholls , Michael Cook

Terrains are the main part of an electronic game. To reduce human effort on game development, procedural techniques are used to generate synthetic terrains. However rendering a terrain is not a trivial task. Their rendering techniques must…

Graphics · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Ricardo B. D. d'Oliveira , Antonio L. Apolinário

Adaptive game systems aim to enrich player experiences by dynamically adjusting game content in response to user data. While extensive research has addressed content personalization and player experience modeling, the integration of these…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Phil Lopes , Nuno Fachada , Maria Fonseca

We present a simple game which mimics the complex dynamics found in most natural and social systems. Intelligent players modify their strategies periodically, depending on their performances. We propose that the agents use hybridized…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Marko Sysi-Aho , Anirban Chakraborti , Kimmo Kaski

Procedural content generation (PCG) is a growing field, with numerous applications in the video game industry and great potential to help create better games at a fraction of the cost of manual creation. However, much of the work in PCG is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Michael Beukman , Manuel Fokam , Marcel Kruger , Guy Axelrod , Muhammad Nasir , Branden Ingram , Benjamin Rosman , Steven James

We argue that 3-D first-person video games are a challenging environment for real-time multi-modal reasoning. We first describe our dataset of human game-play, collected across a large variety of 3-D first-person games, which is both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yuguang Yue , Irakli Salia , Samuel Hunt , Christopher Green , Wenzhe Shi , Jonathan J Hunt

Multi-agent Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), wherein each agent takes on a specific role, supports hard queries that require multiple steps and sources, or complex reasoning. Existing approaches, however, rely on static agent behaviors…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Sha Li , Naren Ramakrishnan

In this study, we propose a novel approach that supports requirements discussions in virtual environments by automatically generating personas from real-time speech-to-text data. In our pilot experiment, 18 participants (14 from…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yi Wang , Zhengxin Zhang , Xiao Liu , Chetan Arora , John Grundy , Thuong Hoang

Current role-playing agents (RPAs) are typically constructed by imitating surface-level behaviors, but this approach lacks internal cognitive consistency, often causing out-of-character errors in complex situations. To address this, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Yihong Tang , Kehai Chen , Xuefeng Bai , Benyou Wang , Zeming Liu , Haifeng Wang , Min Zhang

We address the problem of game level repair, which consists of taking a designed but non-functional game level and making it functional. This might consist of ensuring the completeness of the level, reachability of objects, or other…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Debosmita Bhaumik , Julian Togelius , Georgios N. Yannakakis , Ahmed Khalifa

Developing autonomous agents that quickly explore an environment and adapt their behavior online is a canonical challenge in robotics and machine learning. While humans are able to achieve such fast online exploration and adaptation, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Andrew Wagenmaker , Zhiyuan Zhou , Sergey Levine

Games are often designed to shape player behavior in a desired way; however, it can be unclear how design decisions affect the space of behaviors in a game. Designers usually explore this space through human playtesting, which can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Alexander Zook , Brent Harrison , Mark O. Riedl

Personalized gamification explores knowledge about the users to tailor gamification designs to improve one-size-fits-all gamification. The tailoring process should simultaneously consider user and contextual characteristics (e.g., activity…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Luiz Rodrigues , Armando M. Toda , Wilk Oliveira , Paula T. Palomino , Julita Vassileva , Seiji Isotani

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) are quickly becoming a ubiquitous approach to procedurally generating video game levels. While GAN generated levels are stylistically similar to human-authored examples, human designers often want to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Matthew C. Fontaine , Ruilin Liu , Ahmed Khalifa , Jignesh Modi , Julian Togelius , Amy K. Hoover , Stefanos Nikolaidis

Procedural Content Generation via Machine Learning (PCGML) faces a significant hurdle that sets it apart from other fields, such as image or text generation, which is limited annotated data. Many existing methods for procedural level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Negar Mirgati , Matthew Guzdial

Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) is one of the most played game genres nowadays. With the increasing growth of this genre, it becomes necessary to develop effective intelligent agents to play alongside or against human players. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-06-12 Victor do Nascimento Silva , Luiz Chaimowicz

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards improves reasoning in large language models (LLMs), but many methods still rely on large human-labeled datasets. While self-play reduces this dependency, it often lacks explicit planning and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yulin Peng , Xinxin Zhu , Chenxing Wei , Nianbo Zeng , Leilei Wang , Ying Tiffany He , F. Richard Yu