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Related papers: Membership Inference Attacks From First Principles

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Membership Inference Attack (MIA) identifies whether a record exists in a machine learning model's training set by querying the model. MIAs on the classic classification models have been well-studied, and recent works have started to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Wenjie Fu , Huandong Wang , Liyuan Zhang , Chen Gao , Yong Li , Tao Jiang

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising approach for training machine learning models on decentralized data while preserving privacy. However, privacy risks, particularly Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs), which aim to determine whether a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Gongxi Zhu , Donghao Li , Hanlin Gu , Yuan Yao , Lixin Fan , Yuxing Han

A large body of work shows that machine learning (ML) models can leak sensitive or confidential information about their training data. Recently, leakage due to distribution inference (or property inference) attacks is gaining attention. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Valentin Hartmann , Léo Meynent , Maxime Peyrard , Dimitrios Dimitriadis , Shruti Tople , Robert West

Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning as a service have become the status quo for many industries, leading to the widespread deployment of models that handle sensitive data. Well-performing models, the industry seeks,…

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have rapidly gained prominence for their strong performance in solving complex tasks. Many modern black-box LRMs expose the intermediate reasoning traces through APIs to improve transparency (e.g., Gemini-2.5…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Ruihan Hu , Yu-Ming Shang , Wei Luo , Ye Tao , Xi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to memorizing training data, which poses serious privacy risks. Two of the most prominent concerns are training data extraction and Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs). Prior research has shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Al Sahili , Ali Chehab , Razane Tajeddine

As in-the-wild data are increasingly involved in the training stage, machine learning applications become more susceptible to data poisoning attacks. Such attacks typically lead to test-time accuracy degradation or controlled misprediction.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Yufei Chen , Chao Shen , Yun Shen , Cong Wang , Yang Zhang

Sequence models, such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and autoregressive image generators, have a tendency to memorize and inadvertently leak sensitive information. While this tendency has critical legal implications, existing tools are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Lorenzo Rossi , Michael Aerni , Jie Zhang , Florian Tramèr

Privacy attacks on Machine Learning (ML) models often focus on inferring the existence of particular data points in the training data. However, what the adversary really wants to know is if a particular individual's (subject's) data was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Anshuman Suri , Pallika Kanani , Virendra J. Marathe , Daniel W. Peterson

In a Membership Inference (MI) game, an attacker tries to infer whether a target point was included or not in the input of an algorithm. Existing works show that some target points are easier to identify, while others are harder. This paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Achraf Azize , Debabrota Basu

When an adversary provides poison samples to a machine learning model, privacy leakage, such as membership inference attacks that infer whether a sample was included in the training of the model, becomes effective by moving the sample to an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Yumeki Goto , Nami Ashizawa , Toshiki Shibahara , Naoto Yanai

Aggregate location data is often used to support smart services and applications, e.g., generating live traffic maps or predicting visits to businesses. In this paper, we present the first study on the feasibility of membership inference…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-11-30 Apostolos Pyrgelis , Carmela Troncoso , Emiliano De Cristofaro

Machine Learning models have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial examples, ie. the manipulation of data by a attacker to defeat a defender's classifier at test time. We present a novel probabilistic definition of adversarial examples…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-09 Martin Gubri

Model memorization has implications for both the generalization capacity of machine learning models and the privacy of their training data. This paper investigates label memorization in binary classification models through two novel passive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Mohammad Wahiduzzaman Khan , Sheng Chen , Ilya Mironov , Leizhen Zhang , Rabib Noor

Federated learning (FL) has recently emerged as a new form of collaborative machine learning, where a common model can be learned while keeping all the training data on local devices. Although it is designed for enhancing the data privacy,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Lixu Wang , Shichao Xu , Xiao Wang , Qi Zhu

Differential Privacy (DP) is the de facto standard for reasoning about the privacy guarantees of a training algorithm. Despite the empirical observation that DP reduces the vulnerability of models to existing membership inference (MI)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Anvith Thudi , Ilia Shumailov , Franziska Boenisch , Nicolas Papernot

Federated Learning is a machine learning setting that reduces direct data exposure, improving the privacy guarantees of machine learning models. Yet, the exchange of model updates between the participants and the aggregator can still leak…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Pablo Montaña-Fernández , Ines Ortega-Fernandez

Language Models (LMs) typically adhere to a "pre-training and fine-tuning" paradigm, where a universal pre-trained model can be fine-tuned to cater to various specialized domains. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has gained the most widespread…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Delong Ran , Xinlei He , Tianshuo Cong , Anyu Wang , Qi Li , Xiaoyun Wang

Distributed machine learning generally aims at training a global model based on distributed data without collecting all the data to a centralized location, where two different approaches have been proposed: collecting and aggregating local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Hanlin Lu , Changchang Liu , Ting He , Shiqiang Wang , Kevin S. Chan

While Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) are the prevailing method for identifying training data, their application has expanded into privacy auditing and machine unlearning. Nevertheless, the field lacks a systematic framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ding Chen , Xinwen Cheng , Xuyang Zhong , Xinping Chen , Xiaolin Huang , Chen Liu