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Two-time-scale stochastic approximation, a generalized version of the popular stochastic approximation, has found broad applications in many areas including stochastic control, optimization, and machine learning. Despite its popularity,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-03-24 Thinh T. Doan

This work develops new results for stochastic approximation algorithms. The emphases are on treating algorithms and limits with discontinuities. The main ingredients include the use of differential inclusions, set-valued analysis, and…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-08-31 Nhu Nguyen , George Yin

A challenging problem in decentralized optimization is to develop algorithms with fast convergence on random and time varying topologies under unreliable and bandwidth-constrained communication network. This paper studies a stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-29 Chung-Yiu Yau , Haoming Liu , Hoi-To Wai

Stochastic optimization methods have been hugely successful in making large-scale optimization problems feasible when computing the full gradient is computationally prohibitive. Using the theory of modified equations for numerical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Stefano Di Giovacchino , Desmond J. Higham , Konstantinos Zygalakis

Stochastic policies (also known as relaxed controls) are widely used in continuous-time reinforcement learning algorithms. However, executing a stochastic policy and evaluating its performance in a continuous-time environment remain open…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yanwei Jia , Du Ouyang , Yufei Zhang

Many relevant problems in the area of systems and control, such as controller synthesis, observer design and model reduction, can be viewed as optimization problems involving dynamical systems: for instance, maximizing performance in the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-15 Pascal Den Boef , Jos Maubach , Wil Schilders , Nathan van de Wouw

We develop new adaptive algorithms for variational inequalities with monotone operators, which capture many problems of interest, notably convex optimization and convex-concave saddle point problems. Our algorithms automatically adapt to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Alina Ene , Huy L. Nguyen

This work provides a novel convergence analysis for stochastic optimization in terms of stopping times, addressing the practical reality that algorithms are often terminated adaptively based on observed progress. Unlike prior approaches,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-17 Yasong Feng , Yifan Jiang , Tianyu Wang , Zhiliang Ying

Features in machine learning problems are often time-varying and may be related to outputs in an algebraic or dynamical manner. The dynamic nature of these machine learning problems renders current higher order accelerated gradient descent…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-29 Joseph E. Gaudio , Travis E. Gibson , Anuradha M. Annaswamy , Michael A. Bolender

This paper proposes a novel iterative algorithm to compute the stabilizing solution of regime-switching stochastic game-theoretic Riccati differential equations with periodic coefficients. The method decomposes the original complex…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Yiyuan Wang

In two-time-scale stochastic approximation (SA), two iterates are updated at different rates, governed by distinct step sizes, with each update influencing the other. Previous studies have demonstrated that the convergence rates of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-12 Yuze Han , Xiang Li , Jiadong Liang , Zhihua Zhang

While momentum-based methods, in conjunction with stochastic gradient descent (SGD), are widely used when training machine learning models, there is little theoretical understanding on the generalization error of such methods. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Ali Ramezani-Kebrya , Ashish Khisti , Ben Liang

This paper proposes a thorough theoretical analysis of Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) with non-increasing step sizes. First, we show that the recursion defining SGD can be provably approximated by solutions of a time inhomogeneous…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-02 Xavier Fontaine , Valentin De Bortoli , Alain Durmus

We develop a new randomized iterative algorithm---stochastic dual ascent (SDA)---for finding the projection of a given vector onto the solution space of a linear system. The method is dual in nature: with the dual being a non-strongly…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-01-29 Robert Mansel Gower , Peter Richtarik

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its variants are the most used algorithms in machine learning applications. In particular, SGD with adaptive learning rates and momentum is the industry standard to train deep networks. Despite the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-29 Xiaoyu Li , Francesco Orabona

We study unconstrained smooth convex optimization under stochastic first- and zeroth-order oracles subject only to finite-moment bounds, naturally admitting persistent bias and heavy-tailed noise. In this hostile environment, integrating…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Shunzhi Zhang , Shichen Liao , Congying Han , Tiande Guo

The Method of Successive Approximations (MSA) is a fixed-point iterative method used to solve stochastic optimal control problems. It is an indirect method based on the conditions derived from the Stochastic Maximum Principle (SMP), an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-14 Safouane Taoufik , Badr Missaoui

In this paper, we introduce some adaptive methods for solving variational inequalities with relatively strongly monotone operators. Firstly, we focus on the modification of the recently proposed, in smooth case [1], adaptive numerical…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-01 A. A. Titov , S. S. Ablaev , M. S. Alkousa , F. S. Stonyakin , A. V. Gasnikov

Reinforcement learning with multiple, potentially conflicting objectives is pervasive in real-world applications, while this problem remains theoretically under-explored. This paper tackles the multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Tianchen Zhou , FNU Hairi , Haibo Yang , Jia Liu , Tian Tong , Fan Yang , Michinari Momma , Yan Gao

In this paper, we introduce a new approach to proving the convergence of the Stochastic Approximation (SA) and the Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) algorithms. The new approach is based on a concept called GSLLN (Generalized Strong Law of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-11 Rajeeva Laxman Karandikar , Bhamidi Visweswara Rao , Mathukumalli Vidyasagar