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Stochastic gradient descent is a canonical tool for addressing stochastic optimization problems, and forms the bedrock of modern machine learning and statistics. In this work, we seek to balance the fact that attenuating step-size is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-10 Zhan Gao , Alec Koppel , Alejandro Ribeiro

Multi-objective optimization (MOO) is receiving more attention in various fields such as multi-task learning. Recent works provide some effective algorithms with theoretical analysis but they are limited by the standard $L$-smooth or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Qi Zhang , Peiyao Xiao , Shaofeng Zou , Kaiyi Ji

This paper compiles several aspects of the dynamics of stochastic approximation algorithms with Markov iterate-dependent noise when the iterates are not known to be stable beforehand. We achieve the same by extending the lock-in probability…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-02-22 Prasenjit Karmakar , Shalabh Bhatnagar

This paper considers a class of reinforcement-based learning (namely, perturbed learning automata) and provides a stochastic-stability analysis in repeatedly-played, positive-utility, finite strategic-form games. Prior work in this class of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-29 Georgios C. Chasparis

Stochastic momentum methods have been widely adopted in training deep neural networks. However, their theoretical analysis of convergence of the training objective and the generalization error for prediction is still under-explored. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Yan Yan , Tianbao Yang , Zhe Li , Qihang Lin , Yi Yang

Gradient descent-based optimization methods underpin the parameter training of neural networks, and hence comprise a significant component in the impressive test results found in a number of applications. Introducing stochasticity is key to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Nikola B. Kovachki , Andrew M. Stuart

In this paper, we introduce proximal gradient temporal difference learning, which provides a principled way of designing and analyzing true stochastic gradient temporal difference learning algorithms. We show how gradient TD (GTD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Bo Liu , Ian Gemp , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Ji Liu , Sridhar Mahadevan , Marek Petrik

Stochastic Gradient (SG) is the defacto iterative technique to solve stochastic optimization (SO) problems with a smooth (non-convex) objective $f$ and a stochastic first-order oracle. SG's attractiveness is due in part to its simplicity of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-08 David Newton , Raghu Bollapragada , Raghu Pasupathy , Nung Kwan Yip

Two of the most prominent algorithms for solving unconstrained smooth games are the classical stochastic gradient descent-ascent (SGDA) and the recently introduced stochastic consensus optimization (SCO) [Mescheder et al., 2017]. SGDA is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Nicolas Loizou , Hugo Berard , Gauthier Gidel , Ioannis Mitliagkas , Simon Lacoste-Julien

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning promises, among other benefits, to efficiently capture and utilize the temporal structure of a decision-making problem and to enhance continual learning capabilities, but theoretical guarantees lag behind…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Massimiliano Manenti , Andrea Iannelli

Adam is a popular variant of stochastic gradient descent for finding a local minimizer of a function. In the constant stepsize regime, assuming that the objective function is differentiable and non-convex, we establish the convergence in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-15 Anas Barakat , Pascal Bianchi

Temporal difference (TD) learning is a foundational algorithm in reinforcement learning (RL). For nearly forty years, TD learning has served as a workhorse for applied RL as well as a building block for more complex and specialized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Hwanwoo Kim , Panos Toulis , Eric Laber

We study the problem of solving fixed-point equations for seminorm-contractive operators and establish foundational results on the non-asymptotic behavior of iterative algorithms in both deterministic and stochastic settings. Specifically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zaiwei Chen , Sheng Zhang , Zhe Zhang , Shaan Ul Haque , Siva Theja Maguluri

Sample average approximation (SAA), a popular method for tractably solving stochastic optimization problems, enjoys strong asymptotic performance guarantees in settings with independent training samples. However, these guarantees are not…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-13 Yafei Wang , Bo Pan , Wei Tu , Peng Liu , Bei Jiang , Chao Gao , Wei Lu , Shangling Jui , Linglong Kong

In this paper, we present a unified algorithm for stochastic optimization that makes use of a "momentum" term; in other words, the stochastic gradient depends not only on the current true gradient of the objective function, but also on the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-10 Mathukumalli Vidyasagar

Motivated by problems arising in decentralized control problems and non-cooperative Nash games, we consider a class of strongly monotone Cartesian variational inequality (VI) problems, where the mappings either contain expectations or their…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-01-10 Farzad Yousefian , Angelia Nedić , Uday V. Shanbhag

Many popular practical reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms employ evolving reward functions-through techniques such as reward shaping, entropy regularization, or curriculum learning-yet their theoretical foundations remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Rui Hu , Yu Chen , Longbo Huang

This paper is concerned with convergence of stochastic gradient algorithms with momentum terms in the nonconvex setting. A class of stochastic momentum methods, including stochastic gradient descent, heavy ball, and Nesterov's accelerated…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-01 Zixuan Wang , Shanjian Tang

Heavy-ball momentum with decaying learning rates is widely used with SGD for optimizing deep learning models. In contrast to its empirical popularity, the understanding of its theoretical property is still quite limited, especially under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Rui Pan , Yuxing Liu , Xiaoyu Wang , Tong Zhang

Motivated by applications in reinforcement learning (RL), we study a nonlinear stochastic approximation (SA) algorithm under Markovian noise, and establish its finite-sample convergence bounds under various stepsizes. Specifically, we show…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-27 Zaiwei Chen , Sheng Zhang , Thinh T. Doan , John-Paul Clarke , Siva Theja Maguluri