Related papers: Using principal stratification in analysis of clin…

Propensity score (PS) methods are widely used to estimate treatment effects in non-randomized studies. Variance is typically estimated using sandwich or bootstrap methods, which can either treat the PS as estimated or fixed. The latter is…

Functional principal component analysis has been shown to be invaluable for revealing variation modes of longitudinal outcomes, which serves as important building blocks for forecasting and model building. Decades of research have advanced…

This paper focuses on the Bayesian Network Propensity Score (BNPS), a novel approach for estimating treatment effects in observational studies characterized by unknown (and likely unbalanced) designs and complex dependency structures among…

Comparison and contrast are the basic means to unveil causation and learn which treatments work. To build good comparison groups, randomized experimentation is key, yet often infeasible. In such non-experimental settings, we illustrate and…

Covariate-adaptive randomization is widely employed to balance baseline covariates in interventional studies such as clinical trials and experiments in development economics. Recent years have witnessed substantial progress in inference…

The primary analysis in two-arm clinical trials usually involves inference on a scalar treatment effect parameter; e.g., depending on the outcome, the difference of treatment-specific means, risk difference, risk ratio, or odds ratio. Most…

Survival outcomes are common in comparative effectiveness studies and require unique handling because they are usually incompletely observed due to right-censoring. A ``once for all'' approach for causal inference with survival outcomes…

Propensity score plays a central role in causal inference, but its use is not limited to causal comparisons. As a covariate balancing tool, propensity score can be used for controlled descriptive comparisons between groups whose memberships…

The positivity assumption is central in the identification of a causal effect, and especially the stochastic variant is an issue many applied researchers face, yet is rarely discussed, especially in conjunction with continuous treatments or…

Strategic classification regards the problem of learning in settings where users can strategically modify their features to improve outcomes. This setting applies broadly and has received much recent attention. But despite its practical…

This paper shows how we combine and adapt methods from elite training, future studies, and collaborative design, and apply them to address significant problems in social networks. We focus on three such methods: we use Project Action…

The best empirical research in political science clearly defines substantive parameters of interest, presents a set of assumptions that guarantee its identification, and uses an appropriate estimator. We argue for the importance of…

Causal machine learning has the potential to revolutionize decision-making by combining the predictive power of machine learning algorithms with the theory of causal inference. However, these methods remain underutilized by the broader…

We consider prediction in multiple studies with potential differences in the relationships between predictors and outcomes. Our objective is to integrate data from multiple studies to develop prediction models for unseen studies. We propose…

Strong experimental papers in electrical and computer engineering and computer science (ECE/CS), especially in systems, networking, and applied machine learning, rest on more than a single impressive number. They rest on a chain of design,…

Recurrent events often serve as key endpoints in clinical studies but may be prematurely truncated by terminal events such as death, creating selection bias and complicating causal inference. To address this challenge, we develop a Bayesian…

In the emerging era of big data, larger available clinical datasets and computational advances have sparked a massive interest in machine learning-based approaches. The number of manuscripts related to machine learning or artificial…

Propensity score (PS) methods have been increasingly used in recent years when assessing treatment effects in nonrandomized studies. In terms of statistical methods, a number of new PS weighting methods were developed, and it was shown that…

Pragmatic clinical trials evaluate the effectiveness of health interventions in real-world settings. Negative spillover can arise in a pragmatic trial if the study intervention affects how scarce resources are allocated between patients in…

The aim of this study is to present an overview of current research on modelling, evaluation, and optimization methods for improving the reliability of Cyber-Physical System (CPS). Three major modelling approaches, namely analytical,…