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We model the behavioral biases of human decision-making in securing interdependent systems and show that such behavioral decision-making leads to a suboptimal pattern of resource allocation compared to non-behavioral (rational)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Mustafa Abdallah , Daniel Woods , Parinaz Naghizadeh , Issa Khalil , Timothy Cason , Shreyas Sundaram , Saurabh Bagchi

People's goal-directed behaviors are influenced by their cognitive biases, and autonomous systems that interact with people should be aware of this. For example, people's attention to objects in their environment will be biased in a way…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Sounak Banerjee , Daphne Cornelisse , Deepak Gopinath , Emily Sumner , Jonathan DeCastro , Guy Rosman , Eugene Vinitsky , Mark K. Ho

Dynamic game theory is an increasingly popular tool for modeling multi-agent, e.g. human-robot, interactions. Game-theoretic models presume that each agent wishes to minimize a private cost function that depends on others' actions. These…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Cade Armstrong , Ryan Park , Xinjie Liu , Kushagra Gupta , David Fridovich-Keil

When robots share the same workspace with other intelligent agents (e.g., other robots or humans), they must be able to reason about the behaviors of their neighboring agents while accomplishing the designated tasks. In practice,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Junhong Xu , Durgakant Pushp , Kai Yin , Lantao Liu

This paper studies lying in a novel context. Previous work has focused on situations in which people are either fully aware of the economic consequences of all available actions (e.g., die-under-cup paradigm), or they are uncertain, but…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-08-05 Hélène Barcelo , Valerio Capraro

Environments with fixed adjustment costs such as transaction costs or \lq menu costs\rq$ $ are widespread within economic systems. The presence of fixed minimal adjustment costs produces adjustment stickiness so that agents must choose a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-09 David Mguni

Modeling the purposeful behavior of imperfect agents from a small number of observations is a challenging task. When restricted to the single-agent decision-theoretic setting, inverse optimal control techniques assume that observed behavior…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Kevin Waugh , Brian D. Ziebart , J. Andrew Bagnell

When deciding how to act under uncertainty, agents may choose to act to reduce uncertainty or they may act despite that uncertainty. In communicative settings, an important way of reducing uncertainty is by asking clarification questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Polina Tsvilodub , Karl Mulligan , Todd Snider , Robert D. Hawkins , Michael Franke

Assuming humans are (approximately) rational enables robots to infer reward functions by observing human behavior. But people exhibit a wide array of irrationalities, and our goal with this work is to better understand the effect they can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Lawrence Chan , Andrew Critch , Anca Dragan

Human decision-making in real-life deviates significantly from the optimal decisions made by fully rational agents, primarily due to computational limitations or psychological biases. While existing studies in behavioral finance have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Penghang Liu , Kshama Dwarakanath , Svitlana S Vyetrenko , Tucker Balch

This study introduces an agent-based model to study how regret, uncertainty, and social norms interact to shape vaccination behavior during epidemics. The model integrates three behavioral mechanisms, anticipated regret, evolving norms, and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-11-18 Christos Charalambous

We investigate the power of randomness in the context of a fundamental Bayesian optimal mechanism design problem--a single seller aims to maximize expected revenue by allocating multiple kinds of resources to "unit-demand" agents with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2010-02-24 Shuchi Chawla , David Malec , Balasubramanian Sivan

An agent choosing between various actions tends to take the one with the lowest cost. But this choice is arguably too rigid (not adaptive) to be useful in complex situations, e.g., where exploration-exploitation trade-off is relevant in…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2018-12-04 Armen E. Allahverdyan , Aram Galstyan , Ali E. Abbas , Zbigniew R. Struzik

From skipped exercise classes to last-minute cancellation of dentist appointments, underutilization of reserved resources abounds. Likely reasons include uncertainty about the future, further exacerbated by present bias. In this paper, we…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-11 Hongyao Ma , Reshef Meir , David C. Parkes , Elena Wu-Yan

Working becomes harder as we grow tired or bored. I model individuals who underestimate these changes in marginal disutility -- as implied by "projection bias" -- when deciding whether or not to continue working. This bias causes people's…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-04-12 Marc Kaufmann

Uncoordinated individuals in human society pursuing their personally optimal strategies do not always achieve the social optimum, the most beneficial state to the society as a whole. Instead, strategies form Nash equilibria which are often…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-11-12 Hyejin Youn , Michael T. Gastner , Hawoong Jeong

We study the subtlety of optimal paternalism when a utilitarian planner has the power to design a discrete choice set for a heterogeneous population with bounded rationality. We first consider the planning problem in abstraction. We show…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-23 Charles F. Manski , Eytan Sheshinski

Intertemporal choices involve making decisions that require weighing the costs in the present against the benefits in the future. One specific type of intertemporal choice is the decision between purchasing an individual item or opting for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Qingming Li , H. Vicky Zhao

The problem of detecting a single anomalous process among multiple independent processes is considered. Under a constraint on the number of processes that can be probed simultaneously, the decision maker should decide which processes to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-15 Fengfan Qin , Da Chen , Hui Feng , Qing Zhao , Tao Yang , Bo Hu

A fundamental question in neuroscience is how the brain creates an internal model of the world to guide actions using sequences of ambiguous sensory information. This is naturally formulated as a reinforcement learning problem under partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Minhae Kwon , Saurabh Daptardar , Paul Schrater , Xaq Pitkow