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What makes large language models (LLMs) impressive is also what makes them hard to evaluate: their diversity of uses. To evaluate these models, we must understand the purposes they will be used for. We consider a setting where these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Keyon Vafa , Ashesh Rambachan , Sendhil Mullainathan

We investigate the performance of large language models on repetitive deterministic prediction tasks and study how the sequence accuracy rate scales with output length. Each such task involves repeating the same operation n times. Examples…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Wanda Hou , Leon Zhou , Hong-Ye Hu , Yubei Chen , Yi-Zhuang You , Xiao-Liang Qi

While there is increasing concern about the interpretability of neural models, the evaluation of interpretability remains an open problem, due to the lack of proper evaluation datasets and metrics. In this paper, we present a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Lijie Wang , Yaozong Shen , Shuyuan Peng , Shuai Zhang , Xinyan Xiao , Hao Liu , Hongxuan Tang , Ying Chen , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Although recent Massively Multilingual Language Models (MMLMs) like mBERT and XLMR support around 100 languages, most existing multilingual NLP benchmarks provide evaluation data in only a handful of these languages with little linguistic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Kabir Ahuja , Sandipan Dandapat , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

The potential of large language models (LLMs) to simultaneously perform a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks has been the subject of extensive research. Although instruction tuning has proven to be a data-efficient method…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Chufan Shi , Yixuan Su , Cheng Yang , Yujiu Yang , Deng Cai

Recent advances in NLP are brought by a range of large-scale pretrained language models (PLMs). These PLMs have brought significant performance gains for a range of NLP tasks, circumventing the need to customize complex designs for specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Xu Guo , Han Yu

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) integrate visual and linguistic reasoning to address complex tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering. While MLLMs demonstrate remarkable versatility, MLLMs appears limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Wenke Huang , Jian Liang , Xianda Guo , Yiyang Fang , Guancheng Wan , Xuankun Rong , Chi Wen , Zekun Shi , Qingyun Li , Didi Zhu , Yanbiao Ma , Ke Liang , Bin Yang , He Li , Jiawei Shao , Mang Ye , Bo Du

Recent instruction-finetuned large language models (LMs) have achieved notable performances in various tasks, such as question-answering (QA). However, despite their ability to memorize a vast amount of general knowledge across diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Soyeong Jeong , Jinheon Baek , Sukmin Cho , Sung Ju Hwang , Jong C. Park

While large language models (LLMs) are generally considered proficient in generating language, how similar their language usage is to that of humans remains understudied. In this paper, we test whether models exhibit linguistic convergence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Terra Blevins , Susanne Schmalwieser , Benjamin Roth

Human decision-making belongs to the foundation of our society and civilization, but we are on the verge of a future where much of it will be delegated to artificial intelligence. The arrival of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Hao Li , Gengrui Zhang , Petter Holme , Shuyue Hu , Zhen Wang

Managing long sequences has become an important and necessary feature for large language models (LLMs). However, it is still an open question of how to comprehensively and systematically evaluate the long-sequence capability of LLMs. One of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Wai-Chung Kwan , Xingshan Zeng , Yufei Wang , Yusen Sun , Liangyou Li , Lifeng Shang , Qun Liu , Kam-Fai Wong

In this paper, we propose to study language modelling as a multi-task problem, bringing together three strands of research: multi-task learning, linguistics, and interpretability. Based on hypotheses derived from linguistic theory, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Lucas Weber , Jaap Jumelet , Elia Bruni , Dieuwke Hupkes

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in various basic natural language tasks. For completing the complex task, we still need a plan for the task to guide LLMs to generate the specific solutions step by step. LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Yiduo Guo , Yaobo Liang , Chenfei Wu , Wenshan Wu , Dongyan Zhao , Nan Duan

Adapter parameters provide a mechanism to modify the behavior of machine learning models and have gained significant popularity in the context of large language models (LLMs) and generative AI. These parameters can be merged to support…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ondrej Bohdal , Mete Ozay , Jijoong Moon , Kyeng-Hun Lee , Hyeonmok Ko , Umberto Michieli

Adaptive learning aims to stimulate and meet the needs of individual learners, which requires sophisticated system-level coordination of diverse tasks, including modeling learning resources, estimating student states, and making…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-08-10 Qingyang Zhong , Jifan Yu , Zheyuan Zhang , Yiming Mao , Yuquan Wang , Yankai Lin , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li , Jie Tang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support the analysis of complex financial disclosures, yet their reliability, behavioral consistency, and transparency remain insufficiently understood in high-stakes settings. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Md Talha Mohsin

Language technologies should be judged on their usefulness in real-world use cases. An often overlooked aspect in natural language processing (NLP) research and evaluation is language variation in the form of non-standard dialects or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Fahim Faisal , Orevaoghene Ahia , Aarohi Srivastava , Kabir Ahuja , David Chiang , Yulia Tsvetkov , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in reasoning and tool use. However, the fundamental cognitive faculties essential for problem solving, including perception, reasoning, and memory, remain the stable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xiaozhe Li , Jixuan Chen , Xinyu Fang , Shengyuan Ding , Haodong Duan , Qingwen Liu , Kai Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated human-like instruction-following abilities, particularly those exceeding 100 billion parameters. The combined capability of some smaller, resource-friendly LLMs can address most of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Yi-Kai Zhang , De-Chuan Zhan , Han-Jia Ye

Transfer and multi-task learning have traditionally focused on either a single source-target pair or very few, similar tasks. Ideally, the linguistic levels of morphology, syntax and semantics would benefit each other by being trained in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Kazuma Hashimoto , Caiming Xiong , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka , Richard Socher