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The goal of a kidney exchange program (KEP) is to maximize number of transplants within a pool of incompatible patient-donor pairs by exchanging donors. A KEP can be modelled as a maximum matching problem in a graph. A KEP between…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Margarida Carvalho , Andrea Lodi

Kidney exchange programs (KEPs) form an innovative approach to increasing the donor pool through allowing the participation of renal patients together with a willing but incompatible donor. The aim of a KEP is to identify groups of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Danny Blom , Bart Smeulders , Frits C. R. Spieksma

Kidney Exchange Programmes (KEPs) facilitate the exchange of kidneys, and larger pools of recipient-donor pairs tend to yield proportionally more transplants, leading to the proposal of international KEPs (IKEPs). However, as studied by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Rachael Colley , David Manlove , Daniel Paulusma , Mengxiao Zhang

In Kidney Exchange Programs (KEPs), each participating patient is registered together with an incompatible donor. Donors without an incompatible patient can also register. Then, KEPs typically maximize overall patient benefit through donor…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-04 William St-Arnaud , Margarida Carvalho , Golnoosh Farnadi

To overcome incompatibility issues, kidney patients may swap their donors. In international kidney exchange programmes (IKEPs), countries merge their national patient-donor pools. We consider a recently introduced credit system. In each…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Márton Benedek , Péter Biró , Daniël Paulusma , Xin Ye

Kidney exchange programs (KEP's) represent an additional possibility of transplant for patients suffering from end stage kidney disease. If a patient has a willing living donor with whom the patient is not compatible, the pair…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Xenia Klimentova , Péter Biró , Ana Viana , Virginia Costa , João Pedro Pedroso

The kidney exchange problem (KEP) seeks to find possible exchanges among pairs of patients and their incompatible kidney donors while meeting specific optimization criteria such as maximizing the overall number of possible transplants.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Malte Breuer , Ulrike Meyer , Susanne Wetzel

In kidney exchange programmes patients with end-stage renal failure may exchange their willing, but incompatible living donors among each other. National kidney exchange programmes are in operation in ten European countries, and some of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-04-22 Péter Biró , Márton Gyetvai , Radu Stefan Mincu , Alexandru Popa , Utkarsh Verma

In kidney exchange programmes (KEP) patients may swap their incompatible donors leading to cycles of kidney transplants. Nowadays, countries try to merge their national patient-donor pools leading to international KEPs (IKEPs). As shown in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Márton Benedek , Péter Biró , Gergely Csáji , Matthew Johnson , Daniël Paulusma , Xin Ye

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the last two decades of research on Kidney Exchange Programs (KEPs), systematically categorizing and classifying key contributions to provide readers with a structured understanding of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Shayan Sharifi

Kidney Exchange Programs (KEPs) promote access to living donor trans- plantation for patients suffering from end stage renal disease. The HLA compatibility between transplant recipients and donors plays an important role when solving the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-17 Valentina Peralta Clarke , Hans de Ferrante , Francisco Perez Galarce , Joris van de Klundert

Algorithms for exchange of kidneys is one of the key successful applications in market design, artificial intelligence, and operations research. Potent immunosuppressant drugs suppress the body's ability to reject a transplanted organ up to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-03-04 Haris Aziz , Agnes Cseh , John P. Dickerson , Duncan C. McElfresh

Kidney paired donation programs (KPDPs) match patients with willing but incompatible donors to compatible donors with an assurance that when they donate, their intended recipient receives a kidney in return from a different donor. A patient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-13 Lizeth Carolina Riascos-Alvarez , Merve Bodur , Dionne M. Aleman

The kidney paired donation (KPD) program provides an innovative solution to overcome incompatibility challenges in kidney transplants by matching incompatible donor-patient pairs and facilitating kidney exchanges. To address unequal access…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-21 Mingrui Zhang , Xiaowu Dai , Lexin Li

A kidney exchange program, also called a kidney paired donation program, can be viewed as a repeated, dynamic trading and allocation mechanism. This suggests that a dynamic algorithm for transplant exchange selection may have superior…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-26 Margarida Carvalho , Alison Caulfield , Yi Lin , Adrian Vetta

The kidney exchange problem (KEP) is to find a constellation of exchanges that maximizes the number of transplants that can be carried out for a set of pairs of patients with kidney disease and their incompatible donors. Recently, this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Malte Breuer , Pascal Hein , Leonardo Pompe , Ben Temme , Ulrike Meyer , Susanne Wetzel

Motivated by the real-world problem of international kidney exchange (IKEP), recent literature introduced a generalized transferable utility matching game featuring a partition of the vertex set of a graph into players, and analyzed its…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Gergely Csáji , Tamás Király , Zsuzsa Mészáros-Karkus

Kidney paired donation programs allow patients registered with an incompatible donor to receive a suitable kidney from another donor, as long as the latter's co-registered patient, if any, also receives a kidney from a different donor. The…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-03-13 Lizeth Carolina Riascos-Álvarez , Merve Bodur , Dionne M. Aleman

Kidney exchange programs have been developed to overcome the compatibility challenges for patients with incompatible donors in kidney transplantation. A registry of such incompatible donor-recipient pairs is created, and compatibility is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-07 Utkarsh Verma , Narayan Rangaraj

AI algorithms increasingly make decisions that impact entire groups of humans. Since humans tend to hold varying and even conflicting preferences, AI algorithms responsible for making decisions on behalf of such groups encounter the problem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Rachel Freedman
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