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We re-examine the constraints imposed by causality and unitarity on the low-energy effective field theory expansion of four-particle scattering amplitudes, exposing a hidden "totally positive" structure strikingly similar to the positive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-01-11 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Tzu-Chen Huang , Yu-tin Huang

We propose a new diagrammatic formulation of the all-loop scattering amplitudes/Wilson loops in planar N=4 SYM, dubbed the "momentum-twistor diagrams". These are on-shell-diagrams obtained by gluing trivalent black and white vertices…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-22 Yuntao Bai , Song He

The amplituhedron is a semialgebraic set in the Grassmannian. We study convexity and duality of amplituhedra. We introduce a notion of convexity, called \textit{extendable convexity}, for real semialgebraic sets in any embedded projective…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-25 Elia Mazzucchelli , Elizabeth Pratt

In \cite{arkani2018unwinding}, Arkani-Hamed, Thomas and Trnka formulated two conjectural descriptions of the tree amplituhedron $\ampli$ depending on the parity of $m$. When $m$ is even, the description involves the winding number and when…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-23 Xavier Blot , Jian-Rong Li

We continue the study of open associahedra associated with bi-color scattering amplitudes initiated in arXiv:1912.08307. We focus on the facet geometries of the open associahedra, uncovering many new phenomena such as fiber-product…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-23 Aidan Herderschee , Fei Teng

We initiate an exploration of the physics and geometry of the amplituhedron, starting with the simplest case of the integrand for four-particle scattering in planar N=4 SYM. We show how the textbook structure of the unitarity double-cut…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-18 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Jaroslav Trnka

The harmonic polytope and the bipermutahedron are two related polytopes which arose in Ardila, Denham, and Huh's work on the Lagrangian geometry of matroids. We study the bipermutahedron. We show that its faces are in bijection with the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-07 Federico Ardila

Amplituhedra $\mathcal{A}_{n,k}^{(m)}$ are geometric objects of great interest in modern mathematics and physics: for mathematicians they are combinatorially rich generalizations of polygons and polytopes, based on the notion of positivity;…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-08-02 Tomasz Lukowski

In this paper we define a new object, the momentum amplituhedron, which is the long sought-after positive geometry for tree-level scattering amplitudes in $\mathcal{N}=4$ super Yang-Mills theory in spinor helicity space. Inspired by the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-09-04 David Damgaard , Livia Ferro , Tomasz Lukowski , Matteo Parisi

We introduce and initiate the investigation of a general class of 4d, N=1 quiver gauge theories whose Lagrangian is defined by a bipartite graph on a Riemann surface, with or without boundaries. We refer to such class of theories as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-05 Sebastian Franco

BCFW deformation has served as an extremely useful tool in providing a recursive approach in studying color-ordered gauge amplitudes. This procedure has also been generalized to the study of graviton scattering. An important ingredient of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-06-03 Chih-Hao Fu , Jen-Chi Lee , Chung-I Tan , Yi Yang

Twistor ideas have led to a number of recent advances in our understanding of scattering amplitudes. Much of this work has been indirect, determining the twistor space support of scattering amplitudes by examining the amplitudes in momentum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-18 Lionel Mason , David Skinner

Inspired by the closed contour of momentum conservation in an interaction, we introduce an integrable one-dimensional theory that underlies some integrable models such as the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP)-hierarchy and the amplituhedron. In…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-07-12 Maysam Yousefian , Mehrdad Farhoudi

The loop-Amplituhedron $\mathcal{A}^{(L)}_{n}$ is a semialgebraic set in the product of Grassmannians $\mathrm{Gr}_{\mathbb{R}}(2,4)^L$. Recently, many aspects of this geometry for the case of $L=1$ have been elucidated, such as its…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-08 Gabriele Dian , Elia Mazzucchelli , Felix Tellander

We revisit the relations between open and closed string scattering amplitudes discovered by Kawai, Lewellen, and Tye (KLT). We show that they emerge from the underlying algebro-topological identities known as the twisted period relations.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-25 Sebastian Mizera

The tree-level scattering amplitudes for $\text{tr}(\phi^3)$ theory can be interpreted as a sum over the vertices of a polytope known as the associahedron. For each graph $G$, there exists a natural generalisation of the associahedron,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-02-26 Ross Glew , Tomasz Lukowski

The "amplituhedron" for tree-level scattering amplitudes in the bi-adjoint $\phi^3$ theory is given by the ABHY associahedron in kinematic space, which has been generalized to give a realization for all finite-type cluster algebra…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-08-02 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Song He , Giulio Salvatori , Hugh Thomas

The all-loop integrand for scattering amplitudes in planar N = 4 SYM is determined by an "amplitude form" with logarithmic singularities on the boundary of the amplituhedron. In this note we provide strong evidence for a new striking…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-09-30 Nima Arkani-Hamed , Andrew Hodges , Jaroslav Trnka

It has been recently conjectured that scattering amplitudes in planar N=4 super Yang-Mills are given by the volume of the (dual) amplituhedron. In this paper we show some interesting connections between the tree-level amplituhedron and a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-03-23 Livia Ferro , Tomasz Lukowski , Andrea Orta , Matteo Parisi

We consider semi-algebraic subsets of the Grassmannian of lines in three-space called tree amplituhedra. These arise in the study of scattering amplitudes from particle physics. Our main result states that tree amplituhedra in ${\rm…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-11-07 Kristian Ranestad , Rainer Sinn , Simon Telen