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Programmable photonic circuits performing universal linear-optical transformations underpin vital functions in photonic quantum information processing, quantum-enhanced sensor networks, machine learning and many other intriguing…

Compact, non-volatile optical switches on silicon platforms are essential for reconfigurable photonics, but the strong anisotropy of silicon waveguides leads to polarization-dependent performance. In this paper, we propose a…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-29 Fangfa Bao , Jiakai Ruan , Weijia Li , Wei Zhang , Guoxiang Wang , Xiang Shen , Yixiao Gao

Topological photonic insulators pave the way toward efficient integrated photonic devices with minimized scattering losses. Optical properties of the majority of topological structures proposed to date are fixed by design such that no…

Optics · Physics 2019-02-01 Mikhail I. Shalaev , Wiktor Walasik , Natalia M. Litchinitser

We report an electrically actuated, low-loss non-volatile optical switch based on the phase-change material (PCM) Sb2Se3 integrated on a silicon nitride (Si3N4) platform. The device is fabricated using an 8-inch wafer-scale process flow,…

Progress in integrated nanophotonics has enabled large-scale programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) for general-purpose electronic-photonic systems on a chip. Relying on the weak, volatile thermo-optic or electro-optic effects,…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-11-24 Jiajiu Zheng , Shifeng Zhu , Peipeng Xu , Scott Dunham , Arka Majumdar

Current progress in electro-optical modulation within silicon integrated photonics, driven by the unique capabilities of advanced functional materials, has led to significant improvements in device performance. However, inherent constraints…

Optics · Physics 2025-10-30 Shahab Ramezanpour , Amr Helmy

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are expected to play a significant role in the ongoing second quantum revolution, thanks to their stability and scalability. Still, major upgrades are needed for available PIC platforms to meet the…

Electro-optic modulators are utilized ubiquitously ranging from applications in data communication to photonic neural networks. While tremendous progress has been made over the years, efficient phase-shifting modulators are challenged with…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-08-18 Rubab Amin , Rishi Maiti , Jacob B. Khurgin , Volker J. Sorger

Highly integrated active nanophotonics addressing both device footprint and operation speed demands is a key enabling technology for the next generation optical networks. Plasmonic systems have proven to be a serious contender to alleviate…

Linear transformations are cornerstone operations utilized in modern computing, but are computationally expensive on current electronic platforms. Optical computing has been positioned as a new computing solution, promising high speed and…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-29 Kevin Zelaya , Jonathan Friedman , Mohammad-Ali Miri

Programmable and reconfigurable optics hold significant potential for transforming a broad spectrum of applications, spanning space explorations to biomedical imaging, gas sensing, and optical cloaking. The ability to adjust the optical…

Optical switches are one of the most important elements of integrated photonics. Here, we designed, fabricated and characterized several nanophotonic optical switches (NOSs) in silicon that exhibit ultra-compact footprint, along with…

Optics · Physics 2019-04-02 Apratim Majumder , Mark Mondol , Trisha L. Andrew , Rajesh Menon

In atomic multi-level systems, adiabatic elimination is a method used to minimize complicity of the system by eliminating irrelevant and strongly coupled levels by detuning them from one-another. Such a three-level system, for instance, can…

Programmable photonic integrated circuits are expected to play an increasingly important role to enable high-bandwidth optical interconnects, and large-scale in-memory computing as needed to support the rise of artificial intelligence and…

Optics · Physics 2024-12-11 Jayita Dutta , Rui Chen , Virat Tara , Arka MAjumdar

Quantum computing, ultra-low-noise sensing, and high-energy physics experiments often rely on superconducting circuits or semiconductor qubits and devices operating at deep cryogenic temperatures (4K and below). Photonic integrated circuits…

A 2x2 Mach-Zehnder optical switch design with a footprint of 0.5 ${\mu}$m x 2.5 ${\mu}$m using nanomechanical gap plasmon phase modulators [arXiv:1410.0273] is presented. The extremely small footprint and modest optical loss are enabled by…

Optics · Physics 2015-04-23 Vladimir A. Aksyuk

Dielectric optical waveguides constitute the main building blocks of photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Channels with high refractive index contrast can provide very compact PIC components whereas structures with lower index exhibit less…

Optics · Physics 2023-01-31 Hamed Nikbakht , Bob van Someren , Manfred Hammer , B. Imran Akca

Integrated photonics offers compact and stable manipulation of optical signals in miniaturized chips, with the possibility of changing dynamically their functionality by means of integrated phase shifters. Cryogenic operation of these…

The loss of surface plasmon polaritons has long been considered as a fatal shortcoming in information transport. Here we propose a plasmonic absorber utilizing this "shortcoming" to absorb the stray light in photonic integrated circuits…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-18 Xiao Xiong , Chang-Ling Zou , Xi-Feng Ren , Guang-Can Guo

Photonic Random-Access Memories (P-RAM) are an essential component for the on-chip non-von Neumann photonic computing by eliminating optoelectronic conversion losses in data links. Emerging Phase Change Materials (PCMs) have been showed…