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Finding meaningful and accurate dense rewards is a fundamental task in the field of reinforcement learning (RL) that enables agents to explore environments more efficiently. In traditional RL settings, agents learn optimal policies through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Shuyuan Zhang

An important goal in reinforcement learning is to create agents that can quickly adapt to new goals while avoiding situations that might cause damage to themselves or their environments. One way agents learn is through exploration…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-08 Djordje Grbic , Sebastian Risi

Multi-agent cooperation is an important feature of the natural world. Many tasks involve individual incentives that are misaligned with the common good, yet a wide range of organisms from bacteria to insects and humans are able to overcome…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Jane X. Wang , Edward Hughes , Chrisantha Fernando , Wojciech M. Czarnecki , Edgar A. Duenez-Guzman , Joel Z. Leibo

In robotic systems, the performance of reinforcement learning depends on the rationality of predefined reward functions. However, manually designed reward functions often lead to policy failures due to inaccuracies. Inverse Reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Yongkai Tian , Yirong Qi , Xin Yu , Wenjun Wu , Jie Luo

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is known to be often unsuccessful in environments with sparse extrinsic rewards. A possible countermeasure is to endow RL agents with an intrinsic reward function, or 'intrinsic motivation', which rewards the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Francesco Massari , Martin Biehl , Lisa Meeden , Ryota Kanai

Integration of reinforcement learning and imitation learning is an important problem that has been studied for a long time in the field of intelligent robotics. Reinforcement learning optimizes policies to maximize the cumulative reward,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Akira Kinose , Tadahiro Taniguchi

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) and Deep Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) have achieved significant successes across a wide range of domains, including game AI, autonomous vehicles, robotics, and so on. However, DRL and deep MARL…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Jianye Hao , Tianpei Yang , Hongyao Tang , Chenjia Bai , Jinyi Liu , Zhaopeng Meng , Peng Liu , Zhen Wang

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is an increasingly important research field that can model and control multiple large-scale autonomous systems. Despite its achievements, existing multi-agent learning methods typically involve…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Kailash Gogineni , Peng Wei , Tian Lan , Guru Venkataramani

Conversational Recommender Systems (CRS) actively elicit user preferences to generate adaptive recommendations. Mainstream reinforcement learning-based CRS solutions heavily rely on handcrafted reward functions, which may not be aligned…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Zhendong Chu , Nan Wang , Hongning Wang

We propose a unified mechanism for achieving coordination and communication in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), through rewarding agents for having causal influence over other agents' actions. Causal influence is assessed using…

Reinforcement Learning algorithms can learn complex behavioral patterns for sequential decision making tasks wherein an agent interacts with an environment and acquires feedback in the form of rewards sampled from it. Traditionally, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Sahil Sharma , Aravind Srinivas , Balaraman Ravindran

This paper investigates the design of a unified search engine to serve multiple retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) agents, each with a distinct task, backbone large language model (LLM), and RAG strategy. We introduce an iterative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Alireza Salemi , Hamed Zamani

Reinforcement learning has been shown to be highly successful at many challenging tasks. However, success heavily relies on well-shaped rewards. Intrinsically motivated RL attempts to remove this constraint by defining an intrinsic reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Rui Zhao , Yang Gao , Pieter Abbeel , Volker Tresp , Wei Xu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems typically rely on a single fixed retriever, despite growing evidence that no single retriever performs optimally across all query types. In this paper, we explore a query routing approach that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 To Eun Kim , Fernando Diaz

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful but prone to hallucinations due to static knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) helps by injecting external information, but current methods often are costly, generalize poorly, or ignore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Huatong Song , Jinhao Jiang , Wenqing Tian , Zhipeng Chen , Yuhuan Wu , Jiahao Zhao , Yingqian Min , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang , Ji-Rong Wen

This paper aims to develop a paradigm that models the learning behavior of intelligent agents (including but not limited to autonomous vehicles, connected and automated vehicles, or human-driven vehicles with intelligent navigation systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Zhenyu Shou , Xu Chen , Yongjie Fu , Xuan Di

In this study, we address the problem of efficient exploration in reinforcement learning. Most common exploration approaches depend on random action selection, however these approaches do not work well in environments with sparse or no…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Doğay Kamar , Nazım Kemal Üre , Gözde Ünal

Generally, Reinforcement Learning (RL) agent updates its policy by repetitively interacting with the environment, contingent on the received rewards to observed states and undertaken actions. However, the environmental disturbance, commonly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Wei Geng , Baidi Xiao , Rongpeng Li , Ning Wei , Dong Wang , Zhifeng Zhao

Tasks with complex temporal structures and long horizons pose a challenge for reinforcement learning agents due to the difficulty in specifying the tasks in terms of reward functions as well as large variances in the learning signals. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-27 Xiao Li , Yao Ma , Calin Belta

Query rewriting is pivotal for enhancing dense retrieval, yet current methods demand large-scale supervised data or suffer from inefficient reinforcement learning (RL) exploration. In this work, we first establish that guiding Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Teng Wang , Hailei Gong , Changwang Zhang , Jun Wang