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While a large number of pre-trained models of source code have been successfully developed and applied to a variety of software engineering (SE) tasks in recent years, our understanding of these pre-trained models is arguably fairly…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Changan Niu , Chuanyi Li , Vincent Ng , Dongxiao Chen , Jidong Ge , Bin Luo

Deep pretrained language models have achieved great success in the way of pretraining first and then fine-tuning. But such a sequential transfer learning paradigm often confronts the catastrophic forgetting problem and leads to sub-optimal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Sanyuan Chen , Yutai Hou , Yiming Cui , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu , Xiangzhan Yu

We study the problem of leveraging the syntactic structure of text to enhance pre-trained models such as BERT and RoBERTa. Existing methods utilize syntax of text either in the pre-training stage or in the fine-tuning stage, so that they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Zenan Xu , Daya Guo , Duyu Tang , Qinliang Su , Linjun Shou , Ming Gong , Wanjun Zhong , Xiaojun Quan , Nan Duan , Daxin Jiang

We propose pre-finetuning, an additional large-scale learning stage between language model pre-training and fine-tuning. Pre-finetuning is massively multi-task learning (around 50 datasets, over 4.8 million total labeled examples), and is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Armen Aghajanyan , Anchit Gupta , Akshat Shrivastava , Xilun Chen , Luke Zettlemoyer , Sonal Gupta

Large-scale pre-trained models like BERT, have obtained a great success in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, while it is still a challenge to adapt them to the math-related tasks. Current pre-trained models neglect the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Shuai Peng , Ke Yuan , Liangcai Gao , Zhi Tang

Past research has examined how well these models grasp code syntax, yet their understanding of code semantics still needs to be explored. We extensively analyze seven code models to investigate how code models represent code syntax and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Wei Ma , Shangqing Liu , Mengjie Zhao , Xiaofei Xie , Wenhan Wang , Qiang Hu , Jie Zhang , Yang Liu

Code pre-trained models (CodePTMs) have recently demonstrated a solid capacity to process various software intelligence tasks, e.g., code clone detection, code translation, and code summarization. The current mainstream method that deploys…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Qiushi Sun , Nuo Chen , Jianing Wang , Xiang Li , Ming Gao

The pretrain-finetune paradigm has shown outstanding performance on many applications of deep learning, where a model is pre-trained on a upstream large dataset (e.g. ImageNet), and is then fine-tuned to different downstream tasks. Though…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Yutong Feng , Jianwen Jiang , Mingqian Tang , Rong Jin , Yue Gao

A recent trend in binary code analysis promotes the use of neural solutions based on instruction embedding models. An instruction embedding model is a neural network that transforms sequences of assembly instructions into embedding vectors.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Fiorella Artuso , Marco Mormando , Giuseppe A. Di Luna , Leonardo Querzoni

Software Engineering (SE) Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs), such as CodeBERT, are pre-trained on large code corpora, and their learned knowledge has shown success in transferring into downstream tasks (e.g., code clone detection) through…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Iman Saberi , Fatemeh Fard , Fuxiang Chen

Fine-tuning pre-trained generative language models to down-stream language generation tasks has shown promising results. However, this comes with the cost of having a single, large model for each task, which is not ideal in low-memory/power…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Zhaojiang Lin , Andrea Madotto , Pascale Fung

Models pre-trained on large-scale datasets are often fine-tuned to support newer tasks and datasets that arrive over time. This process necessitates storing copies of the model over time for each task that the pre-trained model is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Chaitanya Devaguptapu , Samarth Sinha , K J Joseph , Vineeth N Balasubramanian , Animesh Garg

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have become a prevalent technique in deep learning for code, utilizing a two-stage pre-training and fine-tuning procedure to acquire general knowledge about code and specialize in a variety of downstream…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Martin Weyssow , Xin Zhou , Kisub Kim , David Lo , Houari Sahraoui

The development of large language models leads to the formation of a pre-train-then-align paradigm, in which the model is typically pre-trained on a large text corpus and undergoes a tuning stage to align the model with human preference or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Kaiser Sun , Mark Dredze

Pre-trained language models for code (PLMCs) have gained attention in recent research. These models are pre-trained on large-scale datasets using multi-modal objectives. However, fine-tuning them requires extensive supervision and is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Hung Quoc To , Nghi D. Q. Bui , Jin Guo , Tien N. Nguyen

Large-scale pre-trained models (PTMs) such as BERT and GPT have recently achieved great success and become a milestone in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Owing to sophisticated pre-training objectives and huge model parameters,…

Large, pre-trained models are problematic to use in resource constrained applications. Fortunately, task-aware structured pruning methods offer a solution. These approaches reduce model size by dropping structural units like layers and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Lucio Dery , David Grangier , Awni Hannun

Code execution is a fundamental aspect of programming language semantics that reflects the exact behavior of the code. However, most pre-trained models for code intelligence ignore the execution trace and only rely on source code and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Chenxiao Liu , Shuai Lu , Weizhu Chen , Daxin Jiang , Alexey Svyatkovskiy , Shengyu Fu , Neel Sundaresan , Nan Duan

The pretraining-fine-tuning paradigm has been the de facto strategy for transfer learning in modern language modeling. With the understanding that task adaptation in LMs is often a function of parameters shared across tasks, we argue that a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Mandar Sharma , Nikhil Muralidhar , Shengzhe Xu , Raquib Bin Yousuf , Naren Ramakrishnan

Service manual documents are crucial to the engineering company as they provide guidelines and knowledge to service engineers. However, it has become inconvenient and inefficient for service engineers to retrieve specific knowledge from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Jia Wei Chong , Zhiyuan Chen , Mei Shin Oh