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Unsupervised contrastive learning has achieved outstanding success, while the mechanism of contrastive loss has been less studied. In this paper, we concentrate on the understanding of the behaviours of unsupervised contrastive loss. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Feng Wang , Huaping Liu

Contrastive representation learning has been outstandingly successful in practice. In this work, we identify two key properties related to the contrastive loss: (1) alignment (closeness) of features from positive pairs, and (2) uniformity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Tongzhou Wang , Phillip Isola

Self-supervised representation learning has achieved impressive empirical success, yet its theoretical understanding remains limited. In this work, we provide a theoretical perspective by formulating self-supervised representation learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Byeongchan Lee

Cross entropy loss has served as the main objective function for classification-based tasks. Widely deployed for learning neural network classifiers, it shows both effectiveness and a probabilistic interpretation. Recently, after the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Rahaf Aljundi , Yash Patel , Milan Sulc , Daniel Olmeda , Nikolay Chumerin

In contemporary self-supervised contrastive algorithms like SimCLR, MoCo, etc., the task of balancing attraction between two semantically similar samples and repulsion between two samples of different classes is primarily affected by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Siladittya Manna , Soumitri Chattopadhyay , Rakesh Dey , Saumik Bhattacharya , Umapada Pal

Self-supervised contrastive learning has predominantly adopted deterministic methods, which are not suited for environments characterized by uncertainty and noise. This paper introduces a new perspective on incorporating uncertainty into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Hongwei Bran Li , Cheng Ouyang , Tamaz Amiranashvili , Matthew S. Rosen , Bjoern Menze , Juan Eugenio Iglesias

Recent methods for deep metric learning have been focusing on designing different contrastive loss functions between positive and negative pairs of samples so that the learned feature embedding is able to pull positive samples of the same…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Shichao Kan , Zhiquan He , Yigang Cen , Yang Li , Vladimir Mladenovic , Zhihai He

Conventional semi-supervised contrastive learning methods assign pseudo-labels only to samples whose highest predicted class probability exceeds a predefined threshold, and then perform supervised contrastive learning using those selected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Shogo Nakayama , Masahiro Okuda

Contrastive learning is a popular form of self-supervised learning that encourages augmentations (views) of the same input to have more similar representations compared to augmentations of different inputs. Recent attempts to theoretically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Nikunj Saunshi , Jordan Ash , Surbhi Goel , Dipendra Misra , Cyril Zhang , Sanjeev Arora , Sham Kakade , Akshay Krishnamurthy

In standard supervised machine learning, it is necessary to provide a label for every input in the data. While raw data in many application domains is easily obtainable on the Internet, manual labelling of this data is prohibitively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-07 Konstantinos Christopher Tsiolis

Recent works in self-supervised learning have advanced the state-of-the-art by relying on the contrastive learning paradigm, which learns representations by pushing positive pairs, or similar examples from the same class, closer together…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Jeff Z. HaoChen , Colin Wei , Adrien Gaidon , Tengyu Ma

Self-supervised contrastive learning frameworks have progressed rapidly over the last few years. In this paper, we propose a novel loss function for contrastive learning. We model our pre-training task as a binary classification problem to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Siladittya Manna , Umapada Pal , Saumik Bhattacharya

In Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), various pretext tasks are designed for learning feature representations through contrastive loss. However, previous studies have shown that this loss is less tolerant to semantically similar samples due to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-07 Shanshan Wang , Soumya Tripathy , Annamaria Mesaros

Contrastive losses have long been a key ingredient of deep metric learning and are now becoming more popular due to the success of self-supervised learning. Recent research has shown the benefit of decomposing such losses into two…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Arnaud Sors , Rafael Sampaio de Rezende , Sarah Ibrahimi , Jean-Marc Andreoli

Contrastive learning has emerged as a powerful method in deep learning, excelling at learning effective representations through contrasting samples from different distributions. However, dimensional collapse, where embeddings converge into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Huanran Li , Manh Nguyen , Daniel Pimentel-Alarcón

Contrastive learning has demonstrated great capability to learn representations without annotations, even outperforming supervised baselines. However, it still lacks important properties useful for real-world application, one of which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Oliver Zhang , Mike Wu , Jasmine Bayrooti , Noah Goodman

As one of the most promising methods in self-supervised learning, contrastive learning has achieved a series of breakthroughs across numerous fields. A predominant approach to implementing contrastive learning is applying InfoNCE loss: By…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Bum Jun Kim , Sang Woo Kim

Video summarization aims to select the most informative subset of frames in a video to facilitate efficient video browsing. Unsupervised methods usually rely on heuristic training objectives such as diversity and representativeness.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Zongshang Pang , Yuta Nakashima , Mayu Otani , Hajime Nagahara

Contrastive Self-supervised Learning (CSL) is a practical solution that learns meaningful visual representations from massive data in an unsupervised approach. The ordinary CSL embeds the features extracted from neural networks onto…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Shentong Mo , Zhun Sun , Chao Li

Contrastive learning is a major studied topic in metric learning. However, sampling effective contrastive pairs remains a challenge due to factors such as limited batch size, imbalanced data distribution, and the risk of overfitting. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Bolun Cai , Pengfei Xiong , Shangxuan Tian
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