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Logs are semi-structured text generated by logging statements in software source code. In recent decades, software logs have become imperative in the reliability assurance mechanism of many software systems because they are often the only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Shilin He , Pinjia He , Zhuangbin Chen , Tianyi Yang , Yuxin Su , Michael R. Lyu

In software engineering, log statement is an important part because programmers can't access to users' program and they can only rely on log message to find the root of bugs. The mechanism of "log level" allows developers and users to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Mingzhe Li , Jianrui Pei , Jin He , Kevin Song , Frank Che , Yongfeng Huang , Chitai Wang

Deep Learning applications are becoming increasingly popular. Developers of deep learning systems strive to write more efficient code. Deep learning systems are constantly evolving, imposing tighter development timelines and increasing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Hadhemi Jebnoun , Md Saidur Rahman , Foutse Khomh , Biruk Asmare Muse

Modern software relies on a multitude of automated testing and quality assurance tools to prevent errors, bugs and potential vulnerabilities. This study sets out to provide a head-to-head, quantitative and qualitative evaluation of six…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Damian Gnieciak , Tomasz Szandala

Deep Learning (DL) models to analyze source code have shown immense promise during the past few years. More recently, self-supervised pre-training has gained traction for learning generic code representations valuable for many downstream SE…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Yangruibo Ding , Saikat Chakraborty , Luca Buratti , Saurabh Pujar , Alessandro Morari , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Code cloning, the duplication of code fragments, is common in software development. While some reuse aids productivity, excessive cloning hurts maintainability and introduces bugs. Hence, automatic code clone detection is vital. Meanwhile,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Shihan Dou , Junjie Shan , Haoxiang Jia , Wenhao Deng , Zhiheng Xi , Wei He , Yueming Wu , Tao Gui , Yang Liu , Xuanjing Huang

Many software analysis methods have come to rely on machine learning approaches. Code segmentation - the process of decomposing source code into meaningful blocks - can augment these methods by featurizing code, reducing noise, and limiting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Jacob Dormuth , Ben Gelman , Jessica Moore , David Slater

Log statements have become an integral part of modern software systems. Prior research efforts have focused on supporting the decisions of placing log statements, such as where/what to log. With the increasing adoption of Large Language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Hao Zhang , Dongjun Yu , Lei Zhang , Guoping Rong , Yongda Yu , Haifeng Shen , He Zhang , Dong Shao , Hongyu Kuang

Developers use logging statements to create logs that document system behavior and aid in software maintenance. As such, high-quality logging is essential for effective maintenance; however, manual logging often leads to errors and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Renyi Zhong , Yichen Li , Guangba Yu , Wenwei Gu , Jinxi Kuang , Yintong Huo , Michael R. Lyu

Recent studies highlight various machine learning (ML)-based techniques for code clone detection, which can be integrated into developer tools such as static code analysis. With the advancements brought by ML in code understanding, ML-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Teeradaj Racharak , Chaiyong Ragkhitwetsagul , Chayanee Junplong , Akara Supratak

A code clone is a pair of code fragments, within or between software systems that are similar. Since code clones often negatively impact the maintainability of a software system, several code clone detection techniques and tools have been…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Golam Mostaeen , Banani Roy , Chanchal Roy , Kevin Schneider , Jeffrey Svajlenko

Logs are an essential source of information for people to understand the running status of a software system. Due to the evolving modern software architecture and maintenance methods, more research efforts have been devoted to automated log…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Xingfang Wu , Heng Li , Foutse Khomh

Log parsing, which involves log template extraction from semi-structured logs to produce structured logs, is the first and the most critical step in automated log analysis. However, current log parsers suffer from limited effectiveness for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Junjielong Xu , Ruichun Yang , Yintong Huo , Chengyu Zhang , Pinjia He

Logs have been an imperative resource to ensure the reliability and continuity of many software systems, especially large-scale distributed systems. They faithfully record runtime information to facilitate system troubleshooting and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Zhuangbin Chen , Jinyang Liu , Wenwei Gu , Yuxin Su , Michael R. Lyu

In this paper, we propose DeepRL4FL, a deep learning fault localization (FL) approach that locates the buggy code at the statement and method levels by treating FL as an image pattern recognition problem. DeepRL4FL does so via novel code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Yi Li , Shaohua Wang , Tien N. Nguyen

Pseudocode is extensively used in introductory programming courses to instruct computer science students in algorithm design, utilizing natural language to define algorithmic behaviors. This learning approach enables students to convert…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Zhenyu Xu , Kun Zhang , Victor S. Sheng

Software failures remain a major challenge in modern software development, and identifying the code elements responsible for failures is a time-consuming debugging task. While extensive research has focused on fault localization in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Golnaz Gharachorlu , Mahsa Panahandeh , Lionel C. Briand , Ruifeng Gao , Ruiyuan Wan

Code retrieval is a common practice for programmers to reuse existing code snippets in open-source repositories. Given a user query (i.e., a natural language description), code retrieval aims at searching for the most relevant ones from a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Wenchao Gu , Zongjie Li , Cuiyun Gao , Chaozheng Wang , Hongyu Zhang , Zenglin Xu , Michael R. Lyu

Requirements Engineering (RE) is the initial step towards building a software system. The success or failure of a software project is firmly tied to this phase, based on communication among stakeholders using natural language. The problem…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Mohammad Kasra Habib , Stefan Wagner , Daniel Graziotin

Source code search plays an important role in software development, e.g. for exploratory development or opportunistic reuse of existing code from a code base. Often, exploration of different implementations with the same functionality is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Muhammad Hammad , Önder Babur , Hamid Abdul Basit , Mark van den Brand