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In the past five years, the use of generative and foundational AI systems has greatly improved the decoding of brain activity. Visual perception, in particular, can now be decoded from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) with…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-15 Yohann Benchetrit , Hubert Banville , Jean-Rémi King

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals have become a popular medium for decoding visual information due to their cost-effectiveness and high temporal resolution. However, current approaches face significant challenges in bridging the modality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Sicheng Dai , Hongwang Xiao , Shan Yu , Qiwei Ye

Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are highly susceptible to artifacts, resulting in a low signal-to-noise ratio which makes extraction of meaningful neural information challenging. Artifact Subspace Reconstruction (ASR) is one of the most…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-15 Shantanu Sarkar , Jose L. Contreras-Vidal

Accurate electroencephalogram (EEG) pattern decoding for specific mental tasks is one of the key steps for the development of brain-computer interface (BCI), which is quite challenging due to the considerably low signal-to-noise ratio of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-15 Yu Zhang , Tao Zhou , Wei Wu , Hua Xie , Hongru Zhu , Guoxu Zhou , Andrzej Cichocki

Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system provides a pathway between humans and the outside world by analyzing brain signals which contain potential neural information. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of most commonly used brain signals and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-11-07 Xian-Rui Zhang , Meng-Ying Lei , Yang Li

Electroencephalography (EEG) activity contains a wealth of information about what is happening within the human brain. Recording more of this data has the potential to unlock endless future applications. However, the cost of EEG hardware is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Isaac Corley , Yufei Huang

This work presents a novel method of exploring human brain-visual representations, with a view towards replicating these processes in machines. The core idea is to learn plausible computational and biological representations by correlating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Simone Palazzo , Concetto Spampinato , Isaak Kavasidis , Daniela Giordano , Joseph Schmidt , Mubarak Shah

Neurophysiological recordings such as electroencephalography (EEG) offer accessible and minimally invasive means of estimating physiological activity for applications in healthcare, diagnostic screening, and even immersive entertainment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Kleanthis Avramidis , Tiantian Feng , Woojae Jeong , Jihwan Lee , Wenhui Cui , Richard M Leahy , Shrikanth Narayanan

Electroencephalography (EEG) data present unique modeling challenges because recordings vary in length, exhibit very low signal to noise ratios, differ significantly across participants, drift over time within sessions, and are rarely…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-05 Shahar Ain Kedem , Itamar Zimerman , Eliya Nachmani

A core aim of neurocritical care is to prevent secondary brain injury. Spreading depolarizations (SDs) have been identified as an important independent cause of secondary brain injury. SDs are usually detected using invasive…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Yinzhe Wu , Sharon Jewell , Xiaodan Xing , Yang Nan , Anthony J. Strong , Guang Yang , Martyn G. Boutelle

Continuous electroencephalography (EEG) is routinely used in neurocritical care to monitor seizures and other harmful brain activity, including rhythmic and periodic patterns that are clinically significant. Although deep learning methods…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Argha Kamal Samanta , Deepak Mewada , Monalisa Sarma , Debasis Samanta

In computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) focused on microscopy, denoising improves the quality of image analysis. In general, the accuracy of this process may depend both on the experience of the microscopist and on the equipment sensitivity and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-04 Fabio Hernán Gil Zuluaga , Francesco Bardozzo , Jorge Iván Ríos Patiño , Roberto Tagliaferri

Analyzing and reconstructing visual stimuli from brain signals effectively advances the understanding of human visual system. However, the EEG signals are complex and contain significant noise. This leads to substantial limitations in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Honghao Fu , Zhiqi Shen , Jing Jih Chin , Hao Wang

Machine learning can extract information from neural recordings, e.g., surface EEG, ECoG and {\mu}ECoG, and therefore plays an important role in many research and clinical applications. Deep learning with artificial neural networks has…

High-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG) enables fine-grained measurement of cortical activity but requires expensive hardware and lengthy setup times, limiting its clinical and research accessibility. We propose EMAG (EEG Mixture of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Alex Lazarovich , Ofir Itzhak Shahar , Gur Elkin , Ohad Ben-Shahar

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models hold significant promise for universal Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). However, existing approaches often rely on end-to-end fine-tuning and exhibit limited efficacy under frozen-probing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jiquan Wang , Sha Zhao , Yangxuan Zhou , Yiming Kang , Shijian Li , Gang Pan

Transformers are groundbreaking architectures that have changed a flow of deep learning, and many high-performance models are developing based on transformer architectures. Transformers implemented only with attention with encoder-decoder…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Young-Eun Lee , Seo-Hyun Lee

Brain activity translation into human language delivers the capability to revolutionize machine-human interaction while providing communication support to people with speech disability. Electronic decoding reaches a certain level of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-26 Mostafa El Gedawy , Omnia Nabil , Omar Mamdouh , Mahmoud Nady , Nour Alhuda Adel , Ahmed Fares

Nowadays, machine and deep learning techniques are widely used in different areas, ranging from economics to biology. In general, these techniques can be used in two ways: trying to adapt well-known models and architectures to the available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Danilo Avola , Marco Cascio , Luigi Cinque , Alessio Fagioli , Gian Luca Foresti , Marco Raoul Marini , Daniele Pannone

Implicit neural representations (INRs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for medical imaging via physics-informed unsupervised learning. Classical INRs optimize an entire network from scratch for each subject, leading to inefficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Qing Wu , Xuanyu Tian , Chenhe Du , Haonan Zhang , Xiao Wang , Le Lu , Yuyao Zhang