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Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown great ability in modeling graph-structured data for various domains. However, GNNs are known as black-box models that lack interpretability. Without understanding their inner working, we cannot fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Enyan Dai , Suhang Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which generalize the deep neural networks to graph-structured data, have achieved great success in modeling graphs. However, as an extension of deep learning for graphs, GNNs lack explainability, which largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Enyan Dai , Suhang Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance for link prediction. However, GNNs suffer from poor interpretability, which limits their adoptions in critical scenarios that require knowing why certain links are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Huaisheng Zhu , Dongsheng Luo , Xianfeng Tang , Junjie Xu , Hui Liu , Suhang Wang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a powerful tool for modeling and analyzing data with graph structures. The wide adoption in numerous applications underscores the value of these models. However, the complexity of these methods often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Tien Cuong Bui

Enhancing the interpretability of graph neural networks (GNNs) is crucial to ensure their safe and fair deployment. Recent work has introduced self-explainable GNNs that generate explanations as part of training, improving both faithfulness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Fanzhen Liu , Xiaoxiao Ma , Jian Yang , Alsharif Abuadbba , Kristen Moore , Surya Nepal , Cecile Paris , Quan Z. Sheng , Jia Wu

Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have significantly advanced the performance of machine learning tasks on graphs. However, this technological breakthrough makes people wonder: how does a GNN make such decisions, and can we trust its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Xiaoqi Wang , Han-Wei Shen

Predictions made by graph neural networks (GNNs) usually lack interpretability due to their complex computational behavior and the abstract nature of graphs. In an attempt to tackle this, many GNN explanation methods have emerged. Their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Zhong Li , Simon Geisler , Yuhang Wang , Stephan Günnemann , Matthijs van Leeuwen

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a powerful tool for machine learning on graphs.GNNs combine node feature information with the graph structure by recursively passing neural messages along edges of the input graph. However, incorporating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Rex Ying , Dylan Bourgeois , Jiaxuan You , Marinka Zitnik , Jure Leskovec

Recently, subgraphs-enhanced Graph Neural Networks (SGNNs) have been introduced to enhance the expressive power of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), which was proved to be not higher than the 1-dimensional Weisfeiler-Leman isomorphism test. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Michele Guerra , Indro Spinelli , Simone Scardapane , Filippo Maria Bianchi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained considerable traction for their capability to effectively process topological data, yet their interpretability remains a critical concern. Current interpretation methods are dominated by post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Jiahua Rao , Jiancong Xie , Hanjing Lin , Shuangjia Zheng , Zhen Wang , Yuedong Yang

Despite the recent progress in deep neural networks (DNNs), it remains challenging to explain the predictions made by DNNs. Existing explanation methods for DNNs mainly focus on post-hoc explanations where another explanatory model is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Wei Qian , Chenxu Zhao , Yangyi Li , Fenglong Ma , Chao Zhang , Mengdi Huai

Graph neural network (GNN) explanations have largely been facilitated through post-hoc introspection. While this has been deemed successful, many post-hoc explanation methods have been shown to fail in capturing a model's learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Donald Loveland , Shusen Liu , Bhavya Kailkhura , Anna Hiszpanski , Yong Han

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have become a building block in graph data processing, with wide applications in critical domains. The growing needs to deploy GNNs in high-stakes applications necessitate explainability for users in the…

We propose the fully explainable Decision Tree Graph Neural Network (DT+GNN) architecture. In contrast to existing black-box GNNs and post-hoc explanation methods, the reasoning of DT+GNN can be inspected at every step. To achieve this, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Peter Müller , Lukas Faber , Karolis Martinkus , Roger Wattenhofer

The success of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has led to a need for understanding their decision-making process and providing explanations for their predictions, which has given rise to explainable AI (XAI) that offers transparent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Sangwoo Seo , Sungwon Kim , Chanyoung Park

One significant challenge of exploiting Graph neural networks (GNNs) in real-life scenarios is that they are always treated as black boxes, therefore leading to the requirement of interpretability. To address this, model-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Xiao Yue , Guangzhi Qu , Lige Gan

Graph neural networks have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance on knowledge graph tasks such as link prediction. However, interpreting GNN predictions remains a challenging open problem. While many GNN explainability methods have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Ryoji Kubo , Djellel Difallah

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have demonstrated a significant boost in prediction performance on graph data. At the same time, the predictions made by these models are often hard to interpret. In that regard, many efforts have been made to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Yiqiao Li , Jianlong Zhou , Sunny Verma , Fang Chen

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) achieve strong performance on node classification tasks but remain difficult to interpret, particularly with respect to which input features drive their predictions. Existing global GNN explainers operate at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Rishi Raj Sahoo , Subhankar Mishra

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful graph-based deep-learning models that have gained significant attention and demonstrated remarkable performance in various domains, including natural language processing, drug discovery, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Jaykumar Kakkad , Jaspal Jannu , Kartik Sharma , Charu Aggarwal , Sourav Medya
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