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We devise an approach for targeted molecular design, a problem of interest in computational drug discovery: given a target protein site, we wish to generate a chemical with both high binding affinity to the target and satisfactory…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Tristan Aumentado-Armstrong

The rapid discovery of new chemical compounds is essential for advancing global health and developing treatments. While generative models show promise in creating novel molecules, challenges remain in ensuring the real-world applicability…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-09-29 Onur Boyar , Hiroyuki Hanada , Ichiro Takeuchi

Lead optimization is a pivotal task in the drug design phase within the drug discovery lifecycle. The primary objective is to refine the lead compound to meet specific molecular properties for progression to the subsequent phase of…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-07-22 Siddartha Reddy N , Sai Prakash MV , Varun V , Vishal Vaddina , Saisubramaniam Gopalakrishnan

Drug discovery through virtual screening (VS) has become a popular strategy for identifying hits against protein targets. Alongside VS, molecular design further expands accessible chemical space. Together, these approaches have the…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-15 Shanzhuo Zhang , Xianbin Ye , Donglong He , Yueyang Huang , Xiaonan Zhang , Xiaomin Fang

Molecular design based on generative models, such as variational autoencoders (VAEs), has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its efficiency for exploring high-dimensional molecular space to identify molecules with desired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 A N M Nafiz Abeer , Nathan Urban , M Ryan Weil , Francis J. Alexander , Byung-Jun Yoon

The constrained nature of synthesizable chemical space poses a significant challenge for sampling molecules that are both synthetically accessible and possess desired properties. In this work, we present PrexSyn, an efficient and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Shitong Luo , Connor W. Coley

Molecular optimization is a key challenge in drug discovery and material science domain, involving the design of molecules with desired properties. Existing methods focus predominantly on single-property optimization, necessitating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Aye Phyu Phyu Aung , Jay Chaudhary , Ji Wei Yoon , Senthilnath Jayavelu

Molecular optimization is a fundamental goal in the chemical sciences and is of central interest to drug and material design. In recent years, significant progress has been made in solving challenging problems across various aspects of…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Wenhao Gao , Tianfan Fu , Jimeng Sun , Connor W. Coley

In order to design a more potent and effective chemical entity, it is essential to identify molecular structures with the desired chemical properties. Recent advances in generative models using neural networks and machine learning are being…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Harshdeep Singh , Nicholas McCarthy , Qurrat Ul Ain , Jeremiah Hayes

Optimizing the structure of molecules to achieve desired properties is a central bottleneck across the chemical sciences, particularly in the pharmaceutical industry where it underlies the discovery of new drugs. Since molecular property…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Fabian P. Krüger , Andrea Hunklinger , Adrian Wolny , Tim J. Adler , Igor Tetko , Santiago David Villalba

Generation of drug-like molecules with high binding affinity to target proteins remains a difficult and resource-intensive task in drug discovery. Existing approaches primarily employ reinforcement learning, Markov sampling, or deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Peter Eckmann , Kunyang Sun , Bo Zhao , Mudong Feng , Michael K. Gilson , Rose Yu

Deep generative models have achieved tremendous success in designing novel drug molecules in recent years. A new thread of works have shown the great potential in advancing the specificity and success rate of in silico drug design by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Xingang Peng , Shitong Luo , Jiaqi Guan , Qi Xie , Jian Peng , Jianzhu Ma

Many important problems in science and engineering, such as drug design, involve optimizing an expensive black-box objective function over a complex, high-dimensional, and structured input space. Although machine learning techniques have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Austin Tripp , Erik Daxberger , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Molecule optimization is a fundamental task for accelerating drug discovery, with the goal of generating new valid molecules that maximize multiple drug properties while maintaining similarity to the input molecule. Existing generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Tianfan Fu , Cao Xiao , Xinhao Li , Lucas M. Glass , Jimeng Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated broad utility across molecular domains, spanning drug discovery and materials design. Analyzing LLMs' latent representations is crucial for elucidating their underlying mechanisms, improving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhuoran Li , Xu Sun , Wanyu Lin , Jiannong Cao

The fundamental goal of generative drug design is to propose optimized molecules that meet predefined activity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic criteria. Despite recent progress, we argue that existing generative methods are limited in…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-12-17 Julien Horwood , Emmanuel Noutahi

Diffusion probabilistic models have set a new standard for generative fidelity but are hindered by a slow iterative sampling process. A powerful training-free strategy to accelerate this process is Schedule Optimization, which aims to find…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Aihua Zhu , Rui Su , Qinglin Zhao , Li Feng , Meng Shen , Shibo He

Designing molecules that must satisfy multiple, often conflicting objectives is a central challenge in molecular discovery. The enormous size of chemical space and the cost of high-fidelity simulations have driven the development of machine…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-22 Madhav R. Muthyala , Farshud Sorourifar , Tianhong Tan , You Peng , Joel A. Paulson

Optimising discrete data for a desired characteristic using gradient-based methods involves projecting the data into a continuous latent space and carrying out optimisation in this space. Carrying out global optimisation is difficult as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Omar Mahmood , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Efficient exploration of multicomponent material composition spaces is often limited by time and financial constraints, particularly when mixture and synthesis constraints exist. Traditional methods like Latin hypercube sampling (LHS)…

Computation · Statistics 2025-02-20 Christina Schenk , Maciej Haranczyk
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