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We propose a simple heuristic privacy analysis of noisy clipped stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD) in the setting where only the last iterate is released and the intermediate iterates remain hidden. Namely, our heuristic assumes a linear…

Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is one of the most popular algorithms in modern machine learning. The noise encountered in these applications is different from that in many theoretical analyses of stochastic gradient algorithms. In this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-16 Stephan Wojtowytsch

In Embedding-as-an-Interface (EaaI) settings, pre-trained models are queried for Intermediate Representations (IRs). The distributional properties of IRs can leak training-set membership signals, enabling Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiayang Meng , Tao Huang , Chen Hou , Guolong Zheng , Hong Chen

Classical differential private DP-SGD implements individual clipping with random subsampling, which forces a mini-batch SGD approach. We provide a general differential private algorithmic framework that goes beyond DP-SGD and allows any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Marten van Dijk , Phuong Ha Nguyen , Toan N. Nguyen , Lam M. Nguyen

The Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent (DP-SGD) algorithm supports the training of machine learning (ML) models with formal Differential Privacy (DP) guarantees. Traditionally, DP-SGD processes training data in batches using…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Meenatchi Sundaram Muthu Selva Annamalai , Borja Balle , Jamie Hayes , Emiliano De Cristofaro

We study how the batch size affects the total gradient variance in differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DP-SGD), seeking a theoretical explanation for the usefulness of large batch sizes. As DP-SGD is the basis of modern DP…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-20 Ossi Räisä , Joonas Jälkö , Antti Honkela

We show that the canonical approach for training differentially private GANs -- updating the discriminator with differentially private stochastic gradient descent (DPSGD) -- can yield significantly improved results after modifications to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Alex Bie , Gautam Kamath , Guojun Zhang

A central issue in machine learning is how to train models on sensitive user data. Industry has widely adopted a simple algorithm: Stochastic Gradient Descent with noise (a.k.a. Stochastic Gradient Langevin Dynamics). However, foundational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Jason M. Altschuler , Kunal Talwar

We study gradient descent under linearly correlated noise. Our work is motivated by recent practical methods for optimization with differential privacy (DP), such as DP-FTRL, which achieve strong performance in settings where privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Anastasia Koloskova , Ryan McKenna , Zachary Charles , Keith Rush , Brendan McMahan

Deep learning models have been extensively adopted in various regions due to their ability to represent hierarchical features, which highly rely on the training set and procedures. Thus, protecting the training process and deep learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Haodi Wang , Tangyu Jiang , Yu Guo , Chengjun Cai , Cong Wang , Xiaohua Jia

Synchronous stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the most common method used for distributed training of deep learning models. In this algorithm, each worker shares its local gradients with others and updates the parameters using the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Negar Foroutan Eghlidi , Martin Jaggi

Nowadays, owners and developers of deep learning models must consider stringent privacy-preservation rules of their training data, usually crowd-sourced and retaining sensitive information. The most widely adopted method to enforce privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-08 Eugenio Lomurno , Matteo matteucci

This paper considers the scenario that multiple data owners wish to apply a machine learning method over the combined dataset of all owners to obtain the best possible learning output but do not want to share the local datasets owing to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Le Trieu Phong , Tran Thi Phuong

The communication bottleneck has been a critical problem in large-scale distributed deep learning. In this work, we study distributed SGD with random block-wise sparsification as the gradient compressor, which is ring-allreduce compatible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 An Xu , Heng Huang

Differentially Private Stochastic Gradient Descent (DP-SGD) is a popular iterative algorithm used to train machine learning models while formally guaranteeing the privacy of users. However, the privacy analysis of DP-SGD makes the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Meenatchi Sundaram Muthu Selva Annamalai

When applying machine learning to medical image classification, data leakage is a critical issue. Previous methods, such as adding noise to gradients for differential privacy, work well on large datasets like MNIST and CIFAR-100, but fail…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Xiaobo Huang , Fang Xie

Distributed stochastic gradient descent is an important subroutine in distributed learning. A setting of particular interest is when the clients are mobile devices, where two important concerns are communication efficiency and the privacy…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-29 Naman Agarwal , Ananda Theertha Suresh , Felix Yu , Sanjiv Kumar , H. Brendan Mcmahan

In this paper, we revisit the problem of using in-distribution public data to improve the privacy/utility trade-offs for differentially private (DP) model training. (Here, public data refers to auxiliary data sets that have no privacy…

Differentially private (DP) linear regression has received significant attention in the recent theoretical literature, with several approaches proposed to improve error rates. Our work considers the popular high-dimensional regime with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-28 Simone Bombari , Jialei Luo , Inbar Seroussi , Marco Mondelli

Differential privacy is a useful tool to build machine learning models which do not release too much information about the training data. We study the R\'enyi differential privacy of stochastic gradient descent when each training example is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Eloïse Berthier , Sai Praneeth Karimireddy