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Complex computer simulations are commonly required for accurate data modelling in many scientific disciplines, making statistical inference challenging due to the intractability of the likelihood evaluation for the observed data.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-02 Pablo de Castro , Tommaso Dorigo

Parameter testing algorithms are using constant number of queries to estimate the value of a certain parameter of a very large finite graph. It is well-known that graph parameters such as the independence ratio or the edit-distance from…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-07-02 Gabor Elek

Complete anomaly detection strategies that are both signal sensitive and compatible with background estimation have largely focused on resonant signals. Non-resonant new physics scenarios are relatively under-explored and may arise from…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-05-08 Kehang Bai , Radha Mastandrea , Benjamin Nachman

Bayesian learning is built on an assumption that the model space contains a true reflection of the data generating mechanism. This assumption is problematic, particularly in complex data environments. Here we present a Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-05 S. P. Lyddon , S. G. Walker , C. C. Holmes

Reliable probability estimation is of crucial importance in many real-world applications where there is inherent (aleatoric) uncertainty. Probability-estimation models are trained on observed outcomes (e.g. whether it has rained or not, or…

We present a class of models that, via a simple construction, enables exact, incremental, non-parametric, polynomial-time, Bayesian inference of conditional measures. The approach relies upon creating a sequence of covers on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2011-05-31 Christos Dimitrakakis

The application of Bayesian Neural Networks(BNN) to discriminate neutrino events from backgrounds in reactor neutrino experiments has been described in Ref.\cite{key-1}. In the paper, BNN are also used to identify neutrino events in reactor…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2009-03-12 Ye Xu , WeiWei Xu , YiXiong Meng , Bin Wu

Given a set of empirical observations, conditional density estimation aims to capture the statistical relationship between a conditional variable $\mathbf{x}$ and a dependent variable $\mathbf{y}$ by modeling their conditional probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-16 Jonas Rothfuss , Fabio Ferreira , Simon Walther , Maxim Ulrich

Background treatment is crucial to extract physics from precision experiments. In this paper, we introduce a novel method to assign each event a signal probability. This could then be used to weight the event's contribution to the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2014-01-28 Yadi Wang , Beijiang Liu , Xiaoyan Shen , Ziping Zhang

The Bayesian Block algorithm, originally developed for applications in astronomy, can be used to improve the binning of histograms in high energy physics. The visual improvement can be dramatic, as shown here with two simple examples. More…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2019-06-14 Brian Pollack , Saptaparna Bhattacharya , Michael Schmitt

Calibration of computer models is a key step in making inferences, predictions, and decisions for complex science and engineering systems. We formulate and analyze a nonparametric Bayesian methodology for computer model calibration. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-01 Haiyi Shi , Lei Yang , Jiarui Chi , Troy Butler , Haonan Wang , Derek Bingham , Don Estep

The estimation of unknown values of parameters (or hidden variables, control variables) that characterise a physical system often relies on the comparison of measured data with synthetic data produced by some numerical simulator of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Xi Chen , Mike Hobson

Many natural phenomena are intrinsically causal. The discovery of the cause-effect relationships implicit in these processes can help us to understand and describe them more effectively, which boils down to causal discovery about the data…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-01-09 Jean Pierre Gomez

Parametric models abstract part of the specification of dynamical models by integral parameters. They are for example used in computational systems biology, notably with parametric regulatory networks, which specify the global architecture…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Stefan Haar , Juraj Kolčák , Loïc Paulevé

Given a set of images of a scene taken at different times, the availability of an initial background model that describes the scene without foreground objects is the prerequisite for a wide range of applications, ranging from video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-06-15 Lucia Maddalena , Alfredo Petrosino

We consider several detection situations where, under the alternative hypothesis, the signal admits a low complexity model and, under both the null and the alternative hypotheses, the distribution of the background noise is {unknown}. We…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-08 D. Mary , S. Bourguignon , E. Roquain , S. Sulis , M. Perrot-Dockes

A basic issue in both teaching of and practice of statistics is the interplay between modelling assumptions and inference performance. The general message conveyed is that stronger assumptions lead to better statistical performance of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-20 Morten Byholt , Nils Lid Hjort

A nonparametric procedure to estimate the conditional probability that a nonstationary geostatistical process exceeds a certain threshold value is proposed. The method consists of a bootstrap algorithm that combines conditional simulation…

Several families of continual learning techniques have been proposed to alleviate catastrophic interference in deep neural network training on non-stationary data. However, a comprehensive comparison and analysis of limitations remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Timm Hess , Martin Mundt , Iuliia Pliushch , Visvanathan Ramesh

Motivated by problems in data clustering, we establish general conditions under which families of nonparametric mixture models are identifiable, by introducing a novel framework involving clustering overfitted \emph{parametric} (i.e.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Bryon Aragam , Chen Dan , Eric P. Xing , Pradeep Ravikumar