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Due to the globalization of Integrated Circuit (IC) supply chain, hardware trojans and the attacks that can trigger them have become an important security issue. One type of hardware Trojans leverages the don't care transitions in Finite…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Ruochen Dai , Tuba Yavuz

The threat of inserting hardware Trojans during the design, production, or in-field poses a danger for integrated circuits in real-world applications. A particular critical case of hardware Trojans is the malicious manipulation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-04 Maik Ender , Pawel Swierczynski , Sebastian Wallat , Matthias Wilhelm , Paul Martin Knopp , Christof Paar

Hardware Trojans (HTs) threaten the trust and reliability of integrated circuits (ICs), particularly when triggered HTs remain dormant during standard testing and activate only under rare conditions. Existing electromagnetic (EM)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Mahsa Tahghigh , Hassan Salmani

Many design companies have gone fabless and rely on external fabrication facilities to produce chips due to increasing cost of semiconductor manufacturing. However, not all of these facilities can be considered trustworthy; some may inject…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Kevin Kwiat , Jason Kulick , Paul Ratazzi

Hardware Trojans (HTs) have drawn more and more attention in both academia and industry because of its significant potential threat. In this paper, we proposed a novel HT detection method using information entropy based clustering, named…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Renjie Lu , Haihua Shen , Feng Zhang , Huawei Li , Wei Zhao , Xiaowei Li

A potential vulnerability for integrated circuits (ICs) is the insertion of hardware trojans (HTs) during manufacturing. Understanding the practicability of such an attack can lead to appropriate measures for mitigating it. In this paper,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Alexander Hepp , Tiago Perez , Samuel Pagliarini , Georg Sigl

With the rising popularity of machine learning and the ever increasing demand for computational power, there is a growing need for hardware optimized implementations of neural networks and other machine learning models. As the technology…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-18 Joseph Clements , Yingjie Lao

As industry moves toward chiplet-based designs, the insertion of hardware Trojans poses a significant threat to the security of these systems. These systems rely heavily on cache coherence for coherent data communication, making coherence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Gino A. Chacon , Charles Williams , Johann Knechtel , Ozgur Sinanoglu , Paul V. Gratz

Due to the current horizontal business model that promotes increasing reliance on untrusted third-party Intellectual Properties (IPs), CAD tools, and design facilities, hardware Trojan attacks have become a serious threat to the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Jonathan Cruz , Pravin Gaikwad , Abhishek Nair , Prabuddha Chakraborty , Swarup Bhunia

Modern IoT and embedded platforms must start execution from a known trusted state to thwart malware, ensure secure firmware updates, and protect critical infrastructure. Current approaches to establish a root of trust depend on secret keys…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Friedrich Doku , Peter Dinda

Logic locking and hardware Trojans are two fields in hardware security that have been mostly developed independently from each other. In this paper, we identify the relationship between these two fields. We find that a common structure that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Yuntao Liu , Aruna Jayasena , Prabhat Mishra , Ankur Srivastava

Due to the ever-growing demands for electronic chips in different sectors the semiconductor companies have been mandated to offshore their manufacturing processes. This unwanted matter has made security and trustworthiness of their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Md Mahfuz Al Hasan , Mohammad Tahsin Mostafiz , Thomas An Le , Jake Julia , Nidish Vashistha , Shayan Taheri , Navid Asadizanjani

The emergence of distributed manufacturing ecosystems for electronic hardware involving untrusted parties has given rise to diverse trust issues. In particular, IP piracy, overproduction, and hardware Trojan attacks pose significant threats…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Abhishek Nair , Patanjali SLPSK , Chester Rebeiro , Swarup Bhunia

The global semiconductor supply chain involves design and fabrication at various locations, which leads to multiple security vulnerabilities, e.g., Hardware Trojan (HT) insertion. Although most HTs target digital circuits, HTs can be…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-09 Enahoro Oriero , Faiq Khalid , Syed Rafay Hasan

The globalization of the Integrated Circuit (IC) supply chain has moved most of the design, fabrication, and testing process from a single trusted entity to various untrusted third-party entities around the world. The risk of using…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Rozhin Yasaei , Luke Chen , Shih-Yuan Yu , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

Due to cost benefits, supply chains of integrated circuits (ICs) are largely outsourced nowadays. However, passing ICs through various third-party providers gives rise to many security threats, like piracy of IC intellectual property or…

The implementation of cryptographic primitives in integrated circuits (ICs) continues to increase over the years due to the recent advancement of semiconductor manufacturing and reduction of cost per transistors. The hardware implementation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Ayush Jain , Ujjwal Guin

The globalization of the semiconductor industry has introduced security challenges to Integrated Circuits (ICs), particularly those related to the threat of Hardware Trojans (HTs) - malicious logic that can be introduced during IC…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Mohammad Eslami , Tara Ghasempouri , Samuel Pagliarini

With the globalization of the semiconductor manufacturing process, electronic devices are powerless against malicious modification of hardware in the supply chain. The ever-increasing threat of hardware Trojan attacks against integrated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Kyle Worley , Md Tauhidur Rahman

Current Hardware Trojan (HT) detection techniques are mostly developed based on a limited set of HT benchmarks. Existing HT benchmark circuits are generated with multiple shortcomings, i.e., i) they are heavily biased by the designers'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Amin Sarihi , Ahmad Patooghy , Peter Jamieson , Abdel-Hameed A. Badawy