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We use (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamics with exact longitudinal boost-invariance to study the influence of collision centrality and initial energy density on the transverse flow pattern and the angular distributions of particles emitted near…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-09 Peter F. Kolb , Josef Sollfrank , Ulrich Heinz

In ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, the strong electric field can be produced by the colliding nuclei. The magnitude of the electric field $E$ is on the order of $eE\sim m_{\pi}^2$ at the early stage of the collision. In quark gluon…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-05-26 Wu Biaogang , Chen Baoyi , Zhao Xingbo

Viscous hydrodynamics gives a satisfactory description of the transverse momentum spectra, of the elliptic and triangular flow, and of the femtoscopic correlations for particles produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. On general…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-05-08 Piotr Bozek , Wojciech Broniowski , Giorgio Torrieri

The early production of heavy quarks ($c\bar{c}$ and $b\bar{b}$) makes charmonia an ideal probe to study the evolution of the hot and dense medium produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions, known as the quark--gluon plasma (QGP).…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2025-09-10 Ingrid McKibben Lofnes

It is shown that a simultaneous comparison of both elliptic and triangular flow from (2+1)-dimensional viscous fluid dynamics with recent measurements in Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) favors a small specific shear…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-10-08 Zhi Qiu , Chun Shen , Ulrich W. Heinz

We calculate transverse-momentum ($p_t$) spectra and elliptic flow of $J/\psi$'s in $Au$-$Au$ and $Cu$-$Cu$ collisions at RHIC. We employ an earlier constructed 2-component approach for direct and regenerated charmonia which is fairly…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-06-10 Xingbo Zhao , Ralf Rapp

We present state-of-the-art calculations of viscous photon emission from nuclear collisions at RHIC and LHC. Fluctuating initial density profiles are evolved with event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics. Momentum spectra of thermal photons…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-02-23 Chun Shen , Ulrich W. Heinz , Jean-Francois Paquet , Igor Kozlov , Charles Gale

We study symmetric and asymmetric cumulants as well as rapidity-even dipolar flow in ${}^{16}$O+${}^{16}$O collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$~GeV to explore $\alpha$-clustering phenomena in light nuclei within the viscous relativistic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-02-10 Kaiser Shafi , Sandeep Chatterjee

We employ a time-dependent Schr\"odinger equation to study the evolution of a $c\bar c$ dipole in a quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Medium effects on the heavy-quark potential in the QGP are found to significantly affect the timescales of the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-12-08 Baoyi Chen , Xiaojian Du , Ralf Rapp

Recently it has been discovered that the elliptic flow, v2, of composite charged particles emitted at midrapidity in Heavy-Ion collisions at intermediate energies shows the strongest sensitivity to the Nuclear Equation of State (EoS) which…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-09-12 A. Le Fevre , Y. Leifels , C. Hartnack , J. Aichelin

We deploy a kinetic-rate equation to evaluate the transport of $J/\psi$, $\psi(2S)$, $B_c$ and X(3872) in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions and compare their production yields to experimental data from the Large Hadron Collider. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-03-22 Biaogang Wu , Zhanduo Tang , Min He , Ralf Rapp

New constraints for the nuclear equation of state at suprasaturation densities have been obtained by measuring collective particle flows in heavy-ion reactions at relativistic energies. Ratios and differences of neutron and hydrogen flows…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-02-13 W. Trautmann , H. H. Wolter

A framework combining Yang-Mills dynamics of the pre-equilibrium glasma with relativistic viscous hydrodynamic evolution of the quark-gluon plasma and hadron gas phases is presented. Event-by-event fluctuations of nucleon positions and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-11 Charles Gale , Sangyong Jeon , Bjoern Schenke , Prithwish Tribedy , Raju Venugopalan

We discuss mechanisms that change the hadron chemistry for high momentum particles emitted in high energy nuclear collisions. We argue that particle ratios naturally tend to be different from jets in the vacuum. We show results of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2010-04-22 R. J. Fries

We propose a new method to study transverse flow effects in relativistic nuclear collisions by Fourier analysis of the azimuthal distribution on an event-by-event basis in relatively narrow rapidity windows. The distributions of Fourier…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-05-05 S. Voloshin , Y. Zhang

The microscopic dynamics of particle collisions is imprinted into the statistical properties of asymptotic energy flux, much like the dynamics of inflation is imprinted into the cosmic microwave background. This energy flux is characterized…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-08-24 Hao Chen , Ian Moult , Jesse Thaler , Hua Xing Zhu

The quark gluon plasma produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions exhibits remarkable features. It behaves like a nearly perfect liquid with a small shear viscosity to entropy density ratio and leads to the quenching of highly…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-03-25 Jan Uphoff , Oliver Fochler , Florian Senzel , Christian Wesp , Zhe Xu , Carsten Greiner

Fast thermalization, a subsequent strong buildup of elliptic flow of QCD matter and jet-quenching as found at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are understood as the consequence of perturbative QCD (pQCD) interactions within the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-03 Oliver Fochler , Andrej El , Zhe Xu , Carsten Greiner

A charmonium produced in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and LHC propagates through a dense co-moving matter with a rather high relative momentum, <p_T^2>=4-10GeV^2. In spite of Debye screening of the binding potential, the charmonium survives…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-22 B. Z. Kopeliovich , I. K. Potashnikova , Ivan Schmidt , M. Siddikov

We set up a framework in which in-medium charmonium properties are constrained by thermal lattice QCD and subsequently implemented into a thermal rate equation enabling the comparison with experimental data in heavy-ion collisions.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-01-28 Xingbo Zhao , Ralf Rapp