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It is usual to identify initial conditions of classical dynamical systems with mathematical real numbers. However, almost all real numbers contain an infinite amount of information. I argue that a finite volume of space can't contain more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-04 Nicolas Gisin

An axiomatics for indistinguishability of elementary particles in terms of hidden variables is presented in a manner which depart from the standard approaches usually given to hidden variables. Quantum distribution functions are also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Adonai S. Sant'Anna , Decio Krause

In the statistical description of dynamical systems, an indication of the irreversibility of a given state change is given geometrically by means of a (pre-)ordering of state pairs. Reversible state changes of classical and quantum systems…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-01-04 P. Busch

Differentiable physics provides a new approach for modeling and understanding the physical systems by pairing the new technology of differentiable programming with classical numerical methods for physical simulation. We survey the rapidly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Bharath Ramsundar , Dilip Krishnamurthy , Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan

For two causal structures with the same set of visible variables, one is said to observationally dominate the other if the set of distributions over the visible variables realizable by the first contains the set of distributions over the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-24 Marina Maciel Ansanelli , Elie Wolfe , Robert W. Spekkens

We present a method for describing and characterizing the state of N particles that may be distinguishable in principle but not in practice due to experimental limitations. The technique relies upon a careful treatment of the exchange…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 R. B. A. Adamson , P. S. Turner , M. W. Mitchell , A. M. Steinberg

The classical and quantum evolution of a generic probability distribution is analyzed. To that end, a formalism based on the decomposition of the distribution in terms of its statistical moments is used, which makes explicit the differences…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-04 David Brizuela

The well-defined but intricate course of time evolution exhibited by many naturally occurring phenomena suggests some source of dynamic order sustaining it. In spite of its obviousness as a problem, it has remained absent from the…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2021-03-02 R. Herrero , J. Farjas , F. Pi , G. Orriols

The concept of classical indistinguishability is analyzed and defended against a number of well-known criticisms, with particular attention to the Gibbs' paradox. Granted that it is as much at home in classical as in quantum statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Simon Saunders

There is an extensive philosophical literature on the interrelated issues of identity, individuality, and distinguishability in quantum systems. A key consideration is whether quantum systems are subject to a strong form of individuality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-07 Ruth E. Kastner

The main distinction between classical mechanics and quantum mechanics is the lack in the latter of a full mechanical determinism: different final states can arise from the same physical state, after the measurement. No hidden variable is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Francesco Caravaglios

A new class of identical particles which may exhibit both Bose and Fermi statistics with respective probabilities $p_b$ and $p_f$ is introduced. Such an uncertainity may be either an intrinsic property of a particle or can be viewed as an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-08-17 M. V. Medvedev

A remarkable feature of quantum theory is that particles with identical intrinsic properties must be treated as indistinguishable if the theory is to give valid predictions. In the quantum formalism, indistinguishability is expressed via…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-23 Philip Goyal

A characteristical property of a classical physical theory is that the observables are real functions taking an exact outcome on every (pure) state; in a quantum theory, at the contrary, a given observable on a given state can take several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Antonio Cassa

One of the basic observations of the classical world is that physical entities are real and can be distinguished from each other. However, within quantum theory, the idea of physical realism is not well established. A framework to analyse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-25 Shubhayan Sarkar

Quantum coherence plays a fundamental and operational role in different areas of physics. A resource theory has been developed to characterize the coherence of distinguishable particles systems. Here we show that indistinguishability of…

Most physics theories are deterministic, with the notable exception of quantum mechanics which, however, comes plagued by the so-called measurement problem. This state of affairs might well be due to the inability of standard mathematics to…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-11-04 Nicolas Gisin

We investigate the profound relation between the equations of biological evolution and quantum mechanics by writing a biologically inspired equation for the stochastic dynamics of an ensemble of particles. Interesting behavior is observed…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-20 Ginestra Bianconi , Christoph Rahmede

The idea of preserving conditional beliefs emerged recently as a new paradigm apt to guide the revision of epistemic states. Conditionals are substantially different from propositional beliefs and need specific treatment. In this paper, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Gabriele Kern-Isberner

For a system to qualify as a quantum fluid, quantum-statistical effects should operate in addition to quantum-mechanical ones. Here, we address the hitherto unexplored dynamical condition for the quantum-statistical effects to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-21 Alessio Zaccone , Kostya Trachenko