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Although a majority of the theoretical literature in high-dimensional statistics has focused on settings which involve fully-observed data, settings with missing values and corruptions are common in practice. We consider the problems of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-06 Yining Wang , Jialei Wang , Sivaraman Balakrishnan , Aarti Singh

The front-door criterion can be used to identify and compute causal effects despite the existence of unmeasured confounders between a treatment and outcome. However, the key assumptions -- (i) the existence of a variable (or set of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-20 Rohit Bhattacharya , Razieh Nabi

Predicting an individual's risk of experiencing a future clinical outcome is a statistical task with important consequences for both practicing clinicians and public health experts. Modern observational databases such as electronic health…

We study the data-driven selection of causal graphical models using constraint-based algorithms, which determine the existence or non-existence of edges (causal connections) in a graph based on testing a series of conditional independence…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-29 Daniel Malinsky

IMPORTANCE: Time-to-event outcomes are commonly used in clinical trials and biomarker discovery studies and have been primarily analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models. But it's unclear which statistical models should be recommended…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-23 Rong Lu

This paper develops power and sample size formulas for causal inference with time-to-event outcomes. The target estimand is the marginal hazard ratio: the coefficient of a marginal structural Cox proportional hazard model with treatment as…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-19 Chengxin Yang , Bo Liu , Fan Li

The Cox regression, a semi-parametric method of survival analysis, is extremely popular in biomedical applications. The proportional hazards assumption is a key requirement in the Cox model. To accommodate non-proportional hazards, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-13 Alexander Begun , Elena Kulinskaya

Censored quantile regression has emerged as a prominent alternative to classical Cox's proportional hazards model or accelerated failure time model in both theoretical and applied statistics. While quantile regression has been extensively…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-27 Taehwa Choi , Seohyeon Park , Hunyong Cho , Sangbum Choi

We study the variable selection problem in survival analysis to identify the most important factors affecting survival time. Our method incorporates prior knowledge of mutual correlations among variables, represented through a graph. We…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-25 Liyan Xie , Xi He , Pinar Keskinocak , Yao Xie

Conditioning on some set of confounders that causally affect both treatment and outcome variables can be sufficient for eliminating bias introduced by all such confounders when estimating causal effect of the treatment on the outcome from…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-24 Priyantha Wijayatunga

Motivated by the pressing need for suicide prevention through improving behavioral healthcare, we use medical claims data to study the risk of subsequent suicide attempts for patients who were hospitalized due to suicide attempts and later…

Applications · Statistics 2023-05-09 Wenjie Wang , Chongliang Luo , Robert H. Aseltine , Fei Wang , Jun Yan , Kun Chen

Survival analysis often relies on Cox models, assuming both linearity and proportional hazards (PH). This study evaluates machine and deep learning methods that relax these constraints, comparing their performance with penalized Cox models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ivan Rossi , Flavio Sartori , Cesare Rollo , Giovanni Birolo , Piero Fariselli , Tiziana Sanavia

Accurate time-to-event prediction is integral to decision-making, informing medical guidelines, hiring decisions, and resource allocation. Survival analysis, the quantitative framework used to model time-to-event data, accounts for patients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Vincent Jeanselme , Brian Tom , Jessica Barrett

Given functional data from a survival process with time-dependent covariates, we derive a smooth convex representation for its nonparametric log-likelihood functional and obtain its functional gradient. From this, we devise a generic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-07 Donald K. K. Lee , Ningyuan Chen , Hemant Ishwaran

Learning causal effects of a binary exposure on time-to-event endpoints can be challenging because survival times may be partially observed due to censoring and systematically biased due to truncation. In this work, we present debiased…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-15 Eric R. Morenz , Charles J. Wolock , Marco Carone

Observational studies are the primary source of data for causal inference, but it is challenging when existing unmeasured confounding. Missing data problems are also common in observational studies. How to obtain the causal effects from the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-15 Renzhong Zheng

The study of survival data often requires taking proper care of the censoring mechanism that prohibits complete observation of the data. Under right censoring, only the first occurring event is observed: either the event of interest, or a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-25 Myrthe D'Haen , Ingrid Van Keilegom , Anneleen Verhasselt

In the causal adjustment setting, variable selection techniques based on one of either the outcome or treatment allocation model can result in the omission of confounders, which leads to bias, or the inclusion of spurious variables, which…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-11-30 Ashkan Ertefaie , Masoud Asgharian , David Stephens

Causal inference is best understood using potential outcomes. This use is particularly important in more complex settings, that is, observational studies or randomized experiments with complications such as noncompliance. The topic of this…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Donald B. Rubin

Factorial analyses offer a powerful nonparametric means to detect main or interaction effects among multiple treatments. For survival outcomes, e.g. from clinical trials, such techniques can be adopted for comparing reasonable…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-02-06 Takeshi Emura , Marc Ditzhaus , Dennis Dobler , Kenta Murotani