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Neural Processing Units (NPUs) are key to enabling efficient AI inference in resource-constrained edge environments. While peak tera operations per second (TOPS) is often used to gauge performance, it poorly reflects real-world performance…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Lennart Bamberg , Filippo Minnella , Roberto Bosio , Fabrizio Ottati , Yuebin Wang , Jongmin Lee , Luciano Lavagno , Adam Fuks

Pipelining between data loading and computation is a critical tensor program optimization for GPUs. In order to unleash the high performance of latest GPUs, we must perform a synergetic optimization of multi-stage pipelining across the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Guyue Huang , Yang Bai , Liu Liu , Yuke Wang , Bei Yu , Yufei Ding , Yuan Xie

Self-attention in Transformers generates dynamic operands that force conventional Compute-in-Memory (CIM) accelerators into costly non-volatile memory (NVM) reprogramming cycles, degrading throughput and stressing device endurance. Existing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Md Zesun Ahmed Mia , Jiahui Duan , Kai Ni , Abhronil Sengupta

Recent efforts to improve the performance of neural network (NN) accelerators that meet today's application requirements have given rise to a new trend of logic-based NN inference relying on fixed-function combinational logic (FFCL). This…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Jingkai Hong , Arash Fayyazi , Amirhossein Esmaili , Mahdi Nazemi , Massoud Pedram

In this work we revisit the most fundamental building block in deep learning, the multi-layer perceptron (MLP), and study the limits of its performance on vision tasks. Empirical insights into MLPs are important for multiple reasons. (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Gregor Bachmann , Sotiris Anagnostidis , Thomas Hofmann

We evolve PyDTNN, a framework for distributed parallel training of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), into an efficient inference tool for convolutional neural networks. Our optimization process on multicore ARM processors involves several…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Adrián Castelló , Sergio Barrachina , Manuel F. Dolz , Enrique S. Quintana-Ortí , Pau San Juan

The time required for training the neural networks increases with size, complexity, and depth. Training model parameters by backpropagation inherently creates feedback loops. These loops hinder efficient pipelining and scheduling of the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Nanda K. Unnikrishnan , Keshab K. Parhi

The Deep Learning (DL) community sees many novel topologies published each year. Achieving high performance on each new topology remains challenging, as each requires some level of manual effort. This issue is compounded by the…

We study the application of emerging chiplet-based Neural Processing Units to accelerate vehicular AI perception workloads in constrained automotive settings. The motivation stems from how chiplets technology is becoming integral to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Mohanad Odema , Luke Chen , Hyoukjun Kwon , Mohammad Abdullah Al Faruque

Digital In-memory computing improves energy efficiency and throughput of a data-intensive process, which incur memory thrashing and, resulting multiple same memory accesses in a von Neumann architecture. Digital in-memory computing involves…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Veerendra S Devaraddi , Joycee M. Mekie

As AI chips incorporate numerous parallelized cores to scale deep learning (DL) computing, inter-core communication is enabled recently by employing high-bandwidth and low-latency interconnect links on the chip (e.g., Graphcore IPU). It…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Yiqi Liu , Yuqi Xue , Yu Cheng , Lingxiao Ma , Ziming Miao , Jilong Xue , Jian Huang

Graph neural networks are increasingly adopted in trigger systems for collider experiments, where strict latency and throughput constraints render deployment on embedded platforms challenging. As detectors move towards higher granularity,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Marc Neu , Frank Baptist , Thomas Lobmaier , Fabio Papagno , Torben Ferber , Jürgen Becker

This paper presents a PVT-resilient, subthreshold SRAM-based computing-in-memory (CIM) macro tailored for energy-efficient spiking neural networks (SNNs). The macro integrates in-situ current sensors and distributed voltage regulators to…

Non-Hermitian topological phases can produce some remarkable properties, compared with their Hermitian counterpart, such as the breakdown of conventional bulk-boundary correspondence and the non-Hermitian topological edge mode. Here, we…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 Xi Chen , Jinyang Sun , Xiumei Wang , Hengxuan Jiang , Dandan Zhu , Xingping Zhou

This paper presents a programmable in-memory-computing processor, demonstrated in a 65nm CMOS technology. For data-centric workloads, such as deep neural networks, data movement often dominates when implemented with today's computing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Hongyang Jia , Yinqi Tang , Hossein Valavi , Jintao Zhang , Naveen Verma

Compute-In-Memory (CiM) is a promising solution to accelerate Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) as it can avoid energy-intensive DNN weight movement and use memory arrays to perform low-energy, high-density computations. These benefits have…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Tanner Andrulis , Joel S. Emer , Vivienne Sze

Graph algorithms are increasingly used in applications that exploit large databases. However, conventional processor architectures are inadequate for handling the throughput and memory requirements of graph computation. Lincoln Laboratory's…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2016-12-13 William S. Song , Vitaliy Gleyzer , Alexei Lomakin , Jeremy Kepner

To fully exploit the performance potential of modern multi-core processors, machine learning and data mining algorithms for big data must be parallelized in multiple ways. Today's CPUs consist of multiple cores, each following an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Christian Böhm , Claudia Plant

Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) is the de facto interconnect standard for high-speed peripherals and CPUs. The development of PCIe devices for emerging applications requires realistic Transaction Layer Packet (TLP) traces…

This paper discusses recent research that aims to enable computation close to data, an approach we broadly call processing-in-memory (PIM). PIM places computation mechanisms in or near where the data is stored (i.e., inside memory chips or…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Onur Mutlu , Saugata Ghose , Juan Gómez-Luna , Rachata Ausavarungnirun , Mohammad Sadrosadati , Geraldo F. Oliveira