Related papers: Simplified Quantum Optical Stokes observables and …
Stokes parameters (${\bf S}$) in Poincar\'e sphere are very useful values to describe the polarisation state of photons. However, the fundamental principle of the nature of polarisation is not completely understood, yet, because we have no…
Here we propose an implementation of all possible Positive Operator Value Measures (POVMs) of two-photon polarization states. POVMs are the most general class of quantum measurements. Our setup requires linear optics, Bell State…
In the first order of the fine structer constant, the polarization operator of a photon is investigated in a constant and homogeneous magnetic field at arbitrary photon energies. For weak and strong fields H, compared with the Schwinger…
We present a complete polarization characterization of any quantum state of two orthogonal polarization modes, and give a systematic measurement procedure to collect the necessary data. Full characterization requires measurements of the…
Optics labs are an integral part of the advanced curriculum for physics majors. Students majoring in other disciplines, like chemistry, biology or engineering rarely have the opportunity to learn about the most recent optical techniques and…
Several on-going and future experiments use a Stokes polarimeter (i.e. a rotating wave plate followed by a steady polarizer and by an unpolarized detector) to measure the small polarized component of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The…
An approach for measuring linear X-ray polarization over a broad-band using conventional spectroscopic optics is described. A set of multilayer-coated flats reflect the dispersed X-rays to the instrument detectors. The intensity variation…
We present experimental results on a method to perform polarimetry on ensembles of single photons. Our setup is based on a measurement method known to be optimal for estimating the state of two level systems. The setup has no moving parts…
We provide a tool for measuring the Stokes parameters and the degree of polarization of single photons by employing second order interference, namely the Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interferometer. It is shown that the technique is able to…
Better versions of separability conditions for four mode optical fields, i.e. two beams with two modes of mutually orthogonal polarization are given. Our conditions involve variances. Their meaning is intuitive and their implementation is…
We comprehensively review the quantum theory of the polarization properties of light. In classical optics, these traits are characterized by the Stokes parameters, which can be geometrically interpreted using the Poincar\'e sphere.…
The transverse spatial attributes of an optical beam can be decomposed into the position, momentum and orbital angular momentum observables. The position and momentum of a beam is directly related to the quadrature amplitudes, whilst the…
Quantum entanglement is a fascinating phenomenon, especially if it is observed at the macroscopic scale. Importantly, macroscopic quantum correlations can be revealed only by accurate measurement outcomes and strategies. Here, we formulate…
We introduce an alternative approach to the polarization theory of light. This is based on a set of quantum operators, constructed from two independent bosons, being three of them the $su(1,1)$ Lie algebra generators, and the other one, the…
We propose and demonstrate a method for quantum-state tomography of qudits encoded in the quantum polarization of $N$-photon states. This is achieved by distributing $N$ photons nondeterministically into three paths and their subsequent…
The polarization properties of macroscopic Bell states are characterized using three-dimensional quantum polarization tomography. This method utilizes three-dimensional inverse Radon transform to reconstruct the polarization…
We report the experimental transformation of quadrature entanglement between two optical beams into continuous variable polarization entanglement. We extend the inseparability criterion proposed by Duan, et al. [Duan00] to polarization…
We present a simple but powerful technique for the analysis of polarized emission from radio galaxies and other objects. It is based on the fact that images of Stokes parameters often contain considerably more information than is available…
Stokes Muller formalism is important to understand the optical properties of materials by measuring the change in the polarization state of light upon scattering. The formalism can be extended to nonlinear scattering processes involving two…
Positive Operator Value Measures (POVMs) are the most general class of quantum measurements. We propose a setup in which all possible POVMs of a single photon polarization state (corresponding to all possible sets of two-dimensional Kraus…