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Related papers: Estimation of the solar wind extreme events

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Certain forms of solar wind transients contain significant enhancements of dynamic pressure and may effectively drive magnetosphere dynamics, including substorms and storms. An integral element of such driving is the generation of a wide…

Large solar proton events (SPEs) affect the solar-terrestrial space environment and become a very important aspect in space weather research. In this work, we statistically investigate 78 solar proton events of 1996-2011 and find that there…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-02-12 Hongqing He , Weixing Wan

Studies of solar wind turbulence traditionally employ high-resolution magnetic field data, but high-resolution measurements of ion and electron moments have been possible only recently. We report the first turbulence studies of ion and…

The solar wind is a structured and complex system, in which the fields vary strongly over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. As an example, the turbulent activity in the wind affects the evolution in the heliosphere of the…

Space Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 M. E. Ruiz , S. Dasso , W. H. Matthaeus , J. M. Weygand

We calculate the interplanetary magnetic field path lengths traveled by electrons in solar electron events detected by the WIND 3DP instrument from $1994$ to $2016$. The velocity dispersion analysis method is applied for electrons at…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-26 Lulu Zhao , Gang Li , Ming Zhang , Linghua Wang , Ashraf Moradi , Frederic Effenberger

The heating and acceleration of the solar wind remains one of the fundamental unsolved problems in heliophysics. It is usually observed that the proton temperature $T_i$ is highly correlated with the solar wind speed $V_{SW}$, while the…

This paper brings space weather prediction close to earthquake (EQ) prediction research. The results of this paper support conclusions of previously presented statistical studies that solar activity influences the seismic activity, this…

Geophysics · Physics 2010-12-17 G. Anagnostopoulos , A. Papandreou , P. Antoniou

We analyze in situ measurements of solar wind velocity obtained by the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft during the solar activity cycle 23. We calculated a robust complexity measure, the permutation entropy (S) of solar wind…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-23 Vinita Suyal , Awadhesh Prasad , Harinder P. Singh

In this work, we use two decadal sunspot number series reconstructed from cosmogenic radionuclide data (14C in tree trunks, SN-14C and 10Be in polar ice, SN-10Be) and the Extreme Value Theory to study variability of solar activity during…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-01-31 F. J. Acero , M. C. Gallego , J. A. García , I. G. Usoskin , J. M. Vaquero

We revisit the full variety of observed temporal and spatial distributions of energetic solar protons in "gradual" solar energetic-particle (SEP) events resulting from the spatial variations in the shock waves that accelerate them.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-16 Donald V. Reames

We investigate the response of outer radiation belt electron fluxes to different solar wind and geomagnetic indices using an interpretable machine learning method. We reconstruct the electron flux variation during 19 enhancement and 7…

Space Physics · Physics 2024-01-12 Donglai Ma , Jacob Bortnik , Qianli Ma , Man Hua , Xiangning Chu

The solar wind speed at Earth is one of the most important parameters regarding the effects of space weather on society. Thus far, most approaches for predicting the solar wind speed produce a single-value time series without uncertainty,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-13 Daniel E. da Silva , Yash Parlikar , Shaela I. Jones , Charles N. Arge

The acceleration of the young solar wind is studied using the first 17 encounters of Parker Solar Probe. We identify wind intervals from different source regions: coronal hole (CH) interiors, streamers, and low Mach number boundary layers…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-23 Yiming Jiao , Ying D. Liu , Wenshuai Cheng , Hao Ran , Rui Wang

We investigate Venus Express (VEX) observations of magnetic field fluctuations performed systematically in the solar wind at 0.72 Astronomical Units (AU), between 2007 and 2009, during the deep minimum of the solar cycle 24. The Power…

Based on energetic particle observations made at $\approx$1 AU, we present a catalogue of 46 wide-longitude (>45{\deg}) solar energetic particle (SEP) events detected at multiple locations during 2009-2016. The particle kinetic energies of…

We report for several solar energetic particle events intensity and anisotropy measurements of energetic electrons in the energy range ~ 27 to ~ 500 keV as observed with the Wind and ACE spacecraft in June 2000. The observations onboard…

Space Physics · Physics 2012-10-02 Lingpeng Sun , Yulia Kartavykh , Berndt Klecker , Saem Krucker , Wolfgang Droege

We investigate the statistical properties of the extreme events of the solar cycle as measured by the sunspot number. The recent advances in the methodology of the theory of extreme values is applied to the maximal extremes of the time…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Asensio Ramos

We present a new catalogue of solar energetic particle events near the Earth, covering solar cycle 23 and the majority of solar cycle 24 (1996-2016), based on the 55-80 MeV proton intensity data gathered by the SOHO/ERNE experiment. In…

Extreme Solar Energetic Particle Events (ESPEs) were identified almost a decade ago, providing context for super events unleashed by our host star, the Sun. Their assumed solar origin drives the question of their ``worst-case" impact, which…

Space Physics · Physics 2025-04-09 Konstantin Herbst , Athanasios Papaioannou

The long-term evolution of the Sun's rotation period cannot be directly observed, and is instead inferred from trends in the measured rotation periods of other Sun-like stars. Assuming the Sun spins-down as it ages, following rotation rate…