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Simulating the evolution of the gravitational N-body problem becomes extremely computationally expensive as N increases since the problem complexity scales quadratically with the number of bodies. We study the use of Artificial Neural…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-01 Veronica Saz Ulibarrena , Philipp Horn , Simon Portegies Zwart , Elena Sellentin , Barry Koren , Maxwell X. Cai

Predicting the behaviors of Hamiltonian systems has been drawing increasing attention in scientific machine learning. However, the vast majority of the literature was focused on predicting separable Hamiltonian systems with their kinematic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Shiying Xiong , Yunjin Tong , Xingzhe He , Shuqi Yang , Cheng Yang , Bo Zhu

Many important physical systems can be described as the evolution of a Hamiltonian system, which has the important property of being conservative, that is, energy is conserved throughout the evolution. Physics Informed Neural Networks and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Harsh Choudhary , Chandan Gupta , Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Melvin Leok , Georgios Korpas

The two-dimensional n-body problem of classical mechanics is a non-integrable Hamiltonian system for n > 2. Traditional numerical integration algorithms, which are polynomials in the time step, typically lead to systematic drifts in the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Oksana Kotovych , John C. Bowman

In this work we propose a new numerical approach to distinguish between regular and chaotic orbits in Hamiltonian systems, based on the simultaneous integration of both the orbit and the deviation vectors using a symplectic scheme, hereby…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2015-03-17 Anne-Sophie Libert , Charles Hubaux , Timoteo Carletti

We developed a Keplerian-based Hamiltonian splitting for solving the gravitational $N$-body problem. This splitting allows us to approximate the solution of a general $N$-body problem by a composition of multiple, independently evolved…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 G. Gonçalves Ferrari , T. Boekholt , S. F. Portegies Zwart

Recently, Hamiltonian neural networks (HNN) have been introduced to incorporate prior physical knowledge when learning the dynamical equations of Hamiltonian systems. Hereby, the symplectic system structure is preserved despite the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Eva Dierkes , Christian Offen , Sina Ober-Blöbaum , Kathrin Flaßkamp

This paper describes a fourth-order integration algorithm for the gravitational N-body problem based on discrete Lagrangian mechanics. When used with shared timesteps, the algorithm is momentum conserving and symplectic. We generalize the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-11 Will M. Farr , Edmund Bertschinger

We present a new symplectic integrator designed for collisional gravitational $N$-body problems which makes use of Kepler solvers. The integrator is also reversible and conserves 9 integrals of motion of the $N$-body problem to machine…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-03 David M. Hernandez , Edmund Bertschinger

Symplectic integrators are the preferred method of solving conservative $N$-body problems in cosmological, stellar cluster, and planetary system simulations because of their superior error properties and ability to compute orbital…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-17 David M. Hernandez

In this note we approach the classical, Newtonian, gravitational $N$-body problem by mean of a new, original numerical integration method. After a short summary of the fundamental characteristics of the problem, including a sketch of some…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-01-08 V. Parisi , R. Capuzzo-Dolcetta

Symplectic integrators are a foundation to the study of dynamical $N$-body phenomena, at scales ranging from from planetary to cosmological. These integrators preserve the Poincar\'e invariants of Hamiltonian dynamics. The $N$-body…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-09 David M. Hernandez

Machine learning methods are widely used in the natural sciences to model and predict physical systems from observation data. Yet, they are often used as poorly understood "black boxes," disregarding existing mathematical structure and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Marco David , Florian Méhats

An accurate and efficient method dealing with the few-body dynamics is important for simulating collisional N-body systems like star clusters and to follow the formation and evolution of compact binaries. We describe such a method which…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-21 Long Wang , Keigo Nitadori , Junichiro Makino

Several N-body problems in ordinary (3-dimensional) space are introduced which are characterized by Newtonian equations of motion (``acceleration equal force;'' in most cases, the forces are velocity-dependent) and are amenable to exact…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Massimo Bruschi , Francesco Calogero

Symplectic integrators that preserve the geometric structure of Hamiltonian flows and do not exhibit secular growth in energy errors are suitable for the long-term integration of N-body Hamiltonian systems in the solar system. However, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-02 Ying Wang , Wei Sun , Fuyao Liu , Xin Wu

Hamilton's equations of motion form a fundamental framework in various branches of physics, including astronomy, quantum mechanics, particle physics, and climate science. Classical numerical solvers are typically employed to compute the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Priscilla Canizares , Davide Murari , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Ferdia Sherry , Zakhar Shumaylov

Symplectic integrators are the tool of choice for many researchers studying dynamical systems because of their good long-term energy conservation properties. For systems with a dominant central mass, symplectic integrators are also highly…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 John E. Chambers

Hamilton's equations are fundamental for modeling complex physical systems, where preserving key properties such as energy and momentum is crucial for reliable long-term simulations. Geometric integrators are widely used for this purpose,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Priscilla Canizares , Davide Murari , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Ferdia Sherry , Zakhar Shumaylov

The conservation of energy, linear momentum and angular momentum are important drivers for our physical understanding of the evolution of the Universe. These quantities are also conserved in Newton's laws of motion under gravity…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Simon Portegies Zwart , Tjarda Boekholt
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