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As the inevitable development trend of quantum key distribution, quantum networks have attracted extensive attention, and many prototypes have been deployed over recent years. Existing quantum networks based on optical fibers or quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-29 Dong Jiang , Weicong Huang , Chaohui Gao , Jia Liu , Lijun Chen

The development of precise atomic clocks has led to many scientific and technological advances that play an increasingly important role in modern society. Shared timing information constitutes a key resource for positioning and navigation…

This paper analyses a classical and a quantum annealing approach to compute the minimum deployment of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) hardware in a tier 1 provider network. The ensemble of QKD systems needs to be able to exchange as many…

Quantum networks rely on both quantum and classical channels for coordinated operation. Current architectures employ entanglement distribution and key exchange over quantum channels but often assume that classical communication is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-16 Xin Jin , Nitish Kumar Chandra , Mohadeseh Azari , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan , Junyu Liu

The development of prototype metropolitan-scale quantum networks is underway and entails transmitting quantum information via single photons through deployed optical fibers spanning several tens of kilometers. The major challenges in…

Quantum Key Distribution has become a mature quantum technology that has outgrown dedicated links and is ready to be incorporated into the classical infrastructure. In this scenario with multiple potential nodes, it is crucial having…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-20 Lidia Ruiz , Juan Carlos Garcia-Escartin

Quantum Annealing has proven to be a powerful tool to tackle several optimization problems. However, its performance is severely impacted by the limited connectivity of the underlying quantum hardware, compromising the quantum speedup. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 Raúl Santos , Lorenzo Buffoni , Yasser Omar

In the past decade, several small-scale quantum key distribution networks have been established. However, the deployment of large-scale quantum networks depends on the development of quantum repeaters, quantum channels, quantum memories,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Nitin Jha , Abhishek Parakh , Mahadevan Subramaniam

In this study, we demonstrate the possibility to protect, with Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), a critical infrastructure as the fiber-based one used for time and frequency (TF) dissemination service. The proposed technique allows to…

Over the past several decades, the proliferation of global classical communication networks has transformed various facets of human society. Concurrently, quantum networking has emerged as a dynamic field of research, driven by its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Joseph M. Lukens , Nicholas A. Peters , Bing Qi

A critical aspect of next-generation wireless networks is the integration of quantum communications to guard against quantum computing threats to classical networks. Despite successful experimental demonstrations, integrating quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Phuc V. Trinh , Shinya Sugiura , Carlo Ottaviani , Chao Xu , Lajos Hanzo

We propose a low-complexity near-optimal wavelength allocation technique for quantum key distribution access networks that rely on wavelength division multiple access. Such networks would allow users to send quantum and classical signals…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-25 Sima Bahrani , Osama Elmabrok , Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Mohsen Razavi

The integration of quantum communication protocols over Ethernet networks is proposed, showing the potential of combining classical and quantum technologies for efficient, scalable quantum networking. By leveraging the inherent strengths of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Kun Chen-Hu , Kristian S. Jensen , Petar Popovski

Quantum information technology has the potential to revolutionize computing, communications, and security. To fully realize its potential, quantum processors with millions of qubits are needed, which is still far from being accomplished.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-12 Nicholas Skjellum , Mohamed Shaban , Muhammad Ismail

Current technological progress is driving Quantum Key Distribution towards a commercial and world widescale expansion. Its capability to deliver unconditionally secure communication will be a fundamental feature in the next generations of…

We examine the applicability of wireless indoor quantum key distribution (QKD) in hybrid quantum-classical networks. We propose practical configurations that would enable wireless access to such networks. The proposed setups would allow an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-16 Osama Elmabrok , Masoud Ghalaii , Mohsen Razavi

This article summarises the current status of classical communication networks and identifies some critical open research challenges that can only be solved by leveraging quantum technologies. By now, the main goal of quantum communication…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Roberto Ferrara , Riccardo Bassoli , Christian Deppe , Frank H. P. Fitzek , Holger Boche

Quantum key distribution (QKD), the distribution of quantum secured keys useful for data encryption, is expected to have a crucial impact in the next decades. However, although the notable achievements accomplished in the last twenty years,…

In the same way that classical computer networks connect and enhance the capabilities of classical computers, quantum networks can combine the advantages of quantum information and communications. We propose a non-classical network element,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-21 Juan Carlos Garcia-Escartin , Pedro Chamorro-Posada

Quantum computers will change the cryptographic panorama. A technology once believed to lay far away into the future is increasingly closer to real world applications. Quantum computers will break the algorithms used in our public key…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Alejandro Aguado , Victor Lopez , Diego Lopez , Momtchil Peev , Andreas Poppe , Antonio Pastor , Jesus Folgueira , Vicente Martiin
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