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Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection identifies test samples that differ from the training data, which is critical to ensuring the safety and reliability of machine learning (ML) systems. While a plethora of methods have been developed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Viet Duong , Qiong Wu , Zhengyi Zhou , Eric Zavesky , Jiahe Chen , Xiangzhou Liu , Wen-Ling Hsu , Huajie Shao

In this work, we train a network to simultaneously perform segmentation and pixel-wise Out-of-Distribution (OoD) detection, such that the segmentation of unknown regions of scenes can be rejected. This is made possible by leveraging an OoD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-02 David Williams , Matthew Gadd , Daniele De Martini , Paul Newman

As deep learning methods form a critical part in commercially important applications such as autonomous driving and medical diagnostics, it is important to reliably detect out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs while employing these algorithms.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-12 Apoorv Vyas , Nataraj Jammalamadaka , Xia Zhu , Dipankar Das , Bharat Kaul , Theodore L. Willke

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial part of deploying machine learning models safely. It has been extensively studied with a plethora of methods developed in the literature. This problem is tackled with an OOD score…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Jingqiu Zhou , Aojun Zhou , Hongsheng Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection has received much attention lately due to its importance in the safe deployment of neural networks. One of the key challenges is that models lack supervision signals from unknown data, and as a result,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-11 Xuefeng Du , Zhaoning Wang , Mu Cai , Yixuan Li

We study the problem of Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection, that is, detecting whether a learning algorithm's output can be trusted at inference time. While a number of tests for OOD detection have been proposed in prior work, a formal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-19 Akshayaa Magesh , Venugopal V. Veeravalli , Anirban Roy , Susmit Jha

Detecting and rejecting unknown out-of-distribution (OOD) samples is critical for deployed neural networks to void unreliable predictions. In real-world scenarios, however, the efficacy of existing OOD detection methods is often impeded by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Kai Liu , Zhihang Fu , Sheng Jin , Chao Chen , Ze Chen , Rongxin Jiang , Fan Zhou , Yaowu Chen , Jieping Ye

It is an important problem in trustworthy machine learning to recognize out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs which are inputs unrelated to the in-distribution task. Many out-of-distribution detection methods have been suggested in recent years.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Julian Bitterwolf , Alexander Meinke , Maximilian Augustin , Matthias Hein

Out-of-Distribution (OoD) detection aims to justify whether a given sample is from the training distribution of the classifier-under-protection, i.e., In-Distribution (InD), or from OoD. Diffusion Models (DMs) are recently utilized in OoD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Kun Fang , Qinghua Tao , Zuopeng Yang , Xiaolin Huang , Jie Yang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is vital to safety-critical machine learning applications and has thus been extensively studied, with a plethora of methods developed in the literature. However, the field currently lacks a unified,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Jingkang Yang , Pengyun Wang , Dejian Zou , Zitang Zhou , Kunyuan Ding , Wenxuan Peng , Haoqi Wang , Guangyao Chen , Bo Li , Yiyou Sun , Xuefeng Du , Kaiyang Zhou , Wayne Zhang , Dan Hendrycks , Yixuan Li , Ziwei Liu

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs is a central challenge for safely deploying machine learning models in the real world. Existing solutions are mainly driven by small datasets, with low resolution and very few class labels (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-06 Rui Huang , Yixuan Li

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial task for ensuring the reliability and safety of deep learning. Currently, discriminator models outperform other methods in this regard. However, the feature extraction process used by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Luping Liu , Yi Ren , Xize Cheng , Rongjie Huang , Chongxuan Li , Zhou Zhao

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection recently has drawn attention due to its critical role in the safe deployment of modern neural network architectures in real-world applications. The OOD detectors aim to distinguish samples that lie…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-16 Sabri Mustafa Kahya , Muhammet Sami Yavuz , Eckehard Steinbach

In recent years, as a compromise between privacy and performance, few-sample model compression has been widely adopted to deal with limited data resulting from privacy and security concerns. However, when the number of available samples is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Tian-Shuang Wu , Shen-Huan Lyu , Ning Chen , Zhihao Qu , Baoliu Ye

High-performing out-of-distribution (OOD) detection, both anomaly and novel class, is an important prerequisite for the practical use of classification models. In this paper, we focus on the species recognition task in images concerned with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 L. E. Hogeweg , R. Gangireddy , D. Brunink , V. J. Kalkman , L. Cornelissen , J. W. Kamminga

Improving out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization during in-distribution (ID) adaptation is a primary goal of robust fine-tuning of zero-shot models beyond naive fine-tuning. However, despite decent OOD generalization performance from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Changdae Oh , Hyesu Lim , Mijoo Kim , Dongyoon Han , Sangdoo Yun , Jaegul Choo , Alexander Hauptmann , Zhi-Qi Cheng , Kyungwoo Song

Deep learning-based approaches have produced models with good insect classification accuracy; Most of these models are conducive for application in controlled environmental conditions. One of the primary emphasis of researchers is to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Mojdeh Saadati , Aditya Balu , Shivani Chiranjeevi , Talukder Zaki Jubery , Asheesh K Singh , Soumik Sarkar , Arti Singh , Baskar Ganapathysubramanian

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is an important building block in trustworthy image recognition systems as unknown classes may arise at test-time. OOD detection methods typically revolve around a single classifier, leading to a split in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Galadrielle Humblot-Renaux , Gianni Franchi , Sergio Escalera , Thomas B. Moeslund

This paper presents a novel evaluation framework for Out-of-Distribution (OOD) detection that aims to assess the performance of machine learning models in more realistic settings. We observed that the real-world requirements for testing OOD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Vahid Reza Khazaie , Anthony Wong , Mohammad Sabokrou

Existing foreground-background (FG-BG) decomposition methods for the few-shot out-of-distribution (FS-OOD) detection often suffer from low robustness due to over-reliance on the local class similarity and a fixed background patch extraction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Songyue Cai , Zongqian Wu , Yujie Mo , Liang Peng , Ping Hu , Xiaoshuang Shi , Xiaofeng Zhu
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