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Learning discriminative deep feature embeddings by using million-scale in-the-wild datasets and margin-based softmax loss is the current state-of-the-art approach for face recognition. However, the memory and computing cost of the Fully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Xiang An , Jiankang Deng , Jia Guo , Ziyong Feng , Xuhan Zhu , Jing Yang , Tongliang Liu

The softmax function is widely used in artificial neural networks for the multiclass classification problems, where the softmax transformation enforces the output to be positive and sum to one, and the corresponding loss function allows to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Shaoshi Sun , Zhenyuan Zhang , BoCheng Huang , Pengbin Lei , Jianlin Su , Shengfeng Pan , Jiarun Cao

Building upon recent advances in entropy-regularized optimal transport, and upon Fenchel duality between measures and continuous functions , we propose a generalization of the logistic loss that incorporates a metric or cost between…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-16 Arthur Mensch , Mathieu Blondel , Gabriel Peyré

Classic variational autoencoders are used to learn complex data distributions, that are built on standard function approximators. Especially, VAE has shown promise on a lot of complex task. In this paper, a new autoencoder model -…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Qiuyu Zhu , Ruixin Zhang

A deep convolutional neural network (CNN) has been widely used in image classification and gives better classification accuracy than the other techniques. The softmax cross-entropy loss function is often used for classification tasks. There…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-20 Motoshi Abe , Junichi Miyao , Takio Kurita

By transferring knowledge learned from seen/previous tasks, meta learning aims to generalize well to unseen/future tasks. Existing meta-learning approaches have shown promising empirical performance on various multiclass classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Jiechao Guan , Zhiwu Lu , Tao Xiang , Timothy Hospedales

Learning with noisy labels can significantly hinder the generalization performance of deep neural networks (DNNs). Existing approaches address this issue through loss correction or example selection methods. However, these methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Chen-Chen Zong , Ye-Wen Wang , Ming-Kun Xie , Sheng-Jun Huang

Deep neural networks suffer from the overconfidence issue in the open world, meaning that classifiers could yield confident, incorrect predictions for out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. Thus, it is an urgent and challenging task to detect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Qiuyu Zhu , Guohui Zheng , Yingying Yan

Metric learning aims to construct an embedding where two extracted features corresponding to the same identity are likely to be closer than features from different identities. This paper presents a method for learning such a feature space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Nicolai Wojke , Alex Bewley

In recent years, the performance of face verification systems has significantly improved using deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs). A typical pipeline for face verification includes training a deep network for subject classification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-09 Rajeev Ranjan , Carlos D. Castillo , Rama Chellappa

The popular softmax loss and its recent extensions have achieved great success in the deep learning-based image classification. However, the data for training image classifiers usually has different quality. Ignoring such problem, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Weihua Liu , Xiabi Liu , Murong Wang , Ling Ma

A novel technique for deep learning of image classifiers is presented. The learned CNN models offer better separation of deep features (also known as embedded vectors) measured by Euclidean proximity and also no deterioration of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Rafal Pilarczyk , Wladyslaw Skarbek

Loss functions are at the heart of deep learning, shaping how models learn and perform across diverse tasks. They are used to quantify the difference between predicted outputs and ground truth labels, guiding the optimization process to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Omar Elharrouss , Yasir Mahmood , Yassine Bechqito , Mohamed Adel Serhani , Elarbi Badidi , Jamal Riffi , Hamid Tairi

Loss functions steer the optimization direction of recommendation models and are critical to model performance, but have received relatively little attention in recent recommendation research. Among various losses, we find Softmax loss (SL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Junkang Wu , Jiawei Chen , Jiancan Wu , Wentao Shi , Jizhi Zhang , Xiang Wang

The softmax function is a fundamental building block of deep neural networks, commonly used to define output distributions in classification tasks or attention weights in transformer architectures. Despite its widespread use and proven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Wojciech Masarczyk , Mateusz Ostaszewski , Tin Sum Cheng , Tomasz Trzciński , Aurelien Lucchi , Razvan Pascanu

Recent works have studied implicit biases in deep learning, especially the behavior of last-layer features and classifier weights. However, they usually need to simplify the intermediate dynamics under gradient flow or gradient descent due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Xiong Zhou , Xianming Liu , Hanzhang Wang , Deming Zhai , Junjun Jiang , Xiangyang Ji

The cross-entropy softmax loss is the primary loss function used to train deep neural networks. On the other hand, the focal loss function has been demonstrated to provide improved performance when there is an imbalance in the number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Leslie N. Smith

Recent state-of-the-art image segmentation algorithms are mostly based on deep neural networks, thanks to their high performance and fast computation time. However, these methods are usually trained in a supervised manner, which requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Boah Kim , Jong Chul Ye

In this paper, we argue that the unsatisfactory out-of-distribution (OOD) detection performance of neural networks is mainly due to the SoftMax loss anisotropy and propensity to produce low entropy probability distributions in disagreement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 David Macêdo , Tsang Ing Ren , Cleber Zanchettin , Adriano L. I. Oliveira , Teresa Ludermir

Recently, fully-connected and convolutional neural networks have been trained to achieve state-of-the-art performance on a wide variety of tasks such as speech recognition, image classification, natural language processing, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-24 Yichuan Tang