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Contextualized word embeddings (CWE) such as provided by ELMo (Peters et al., 2018), Flair NLP (Akbik et al., 2018), or BERT (Devlin et al., 2019) are a major recent innovation in NLP. CWEs provide semantic vector representations of words…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-02 Gregor Wiedemann , Steffen Remus , Avi Chawla , Chris Biemann

Distributional semantics based on neural approaches is a cornerstone of Natural Language Processing, with surprising connections to human meaning representation as well. Recent Transformer-based Language Models have proven capable of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Daniel Loureiro , Alípio Mário Jorge , Jose Camacho-Collados

Contextual embeddings represent a new generation of semantic representations learned from Neural Language Modelling (NLM) that addresses the issue of meaning conflation hampering traditional word embeddings. In this work, we show that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Daniel Loureiro , Alipio Jorge

Transformer-based language models have taken many fields in NLP by storm. BERT and its derivatives dominate most of the existing evaluation benchmarks, including those for Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), thanks to their ability in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Daniel Loureiro , Kiamehr Rezaee , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar , Jose Camacho-Collados

Contextualized word representations are able to give different representations for the same word in different contexts, and they have been shown to be effective in downstream natural language processing tasks, such as question answering,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Christian Hadiwinoto , Hwee Tou Ng , Wee Chung Gan

We present two supervised (pre-)training methods to incorporate gloss definitions from lexical resources into neural language models (LMs). The training improves our models' performance for Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) but also benefits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Jan Philip Wahle , Terry Ruas , Norman Meuschke , Bela Gipp

An important question concerning contextualized word embedding (CWE) models like BERT is how well they can represent different word senses, especially those in the long tail of uncommon senses. Rather than build a WSD system as in previous…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Luke Gessler , Nathan Schneider

Many downstream NLP tasks have shown significant improvement through continual pre-training, transfer learning and multi-task learning. State-of-the-art approaches in Word Sense Disambiguation today benefit from some of these approaches in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Harsh Kohli

Modern transformer-based neural architectures yield impressive results in nearly every NLP task and Word Sense Disambiguation, the problem of discerning the correct sense of a word in a given context, is no exception. State-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Harsh Kohli

Supervised models for Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) currently yield to state-of-the-art results in the most popular benchmarks. Despite the recent introduction of Word Embeddings and Recurrent Neural Networks to design powerful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Stefano Melacci , Achille Globo , Leonardo Rigutini

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has witnessed a transformative leap with the advent of transformer-based architectures, which have significantly enhanced the ability of machines to understand and generate human-like text. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Tianhao Wu , Yu Wang , Ngoc Quach

The introduction of Transformer neural networks has changed the landscape of Natural Language Processing (NLP) during the last years. So far, none of the visualization systems has yet managed to examine all the facets of the Transformers.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Andrew Dunn , Diana Inkpen , Răzvan Andonie

This paper demonstrates that word sense disambiguation (WSD) can improve neural machine translation (NMT) by widening the source context considered when modeling the senses of potentially ambiguous words. We first introduce three adaptive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Xiao Pu , Nikolaos Pappas , James Henderson , Andrei Popescu-Belis

Understanding the meaning of words in context is a fundamental capability for Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite extensive evaluation efforts, the extent to which LLMs show evidence that they truly grasp word senses remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Domenico Meconi , Simone Stirpe , Federico Martelli , Leonardo Lavalle , Roberto Navigli

Neural networks models for NLP are typically implemented without the explicit encoding of language rules and yet they are able to break one performance record after another. This has generated a lot of research interest in interpreting the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Mariya Toneva , Leila Wehbe

In recent literature, contextual pretrained Language Models (LMs) demonstrated their potential in generalizing the knowledge to several Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks including supervised Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Max Raphael Sobroza , Tales Marra , Deok-Hee Kim-Dufor , Claude Berrou

Wavelet transforms, a powerful mathematical tool, have been widely used in different domains, including Signal and Image processing, to unravel intricate patterns, enhance data representation, and extract meaningful features from data.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Rana Aref Salama , Abdou Youssef , Mona Diab

Contextualized representations trained over large raw text data have given remarkable improvements for NLP tasks including question answering and reading comprehension. There have been works showing that syntactic, semantic and word sense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Xuhui Zhou , Yue Zhang , Leyang Cui , Dandan Huang

The application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has achieved a high level of relevance in several areas. In the field of software engineering (SE), NLP applications are based on the classification of similar texts (e.g. software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Eliane Maria De Bortoli Fávero , Dalcimar Casanova

Neural word representations have proven useful in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks due to their ability to efficiently model complex semantic and syntactic word relationships. However, most techniques model only one representation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-11-23 Andrew Trask , Phil Michalak , John Liu
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