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In this work, we investigate the structure and representation capacity of sinusoidal MLPs - multilayer perceptron networks that use sine as the activation function. These neural networks (known as neural fields) have become fundamental in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Tiago Novello

Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) make powerful functional representations for sampling and reconstruction problems involving low-dimensional signals like images,shapes and light fields. Recent works have significantly improved their ability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Ishit Mehta , Michaël Gharbi , Connelly Barnes , Eli Shechtman , Ravi Ramamoorthi , Manmohan Chandraker

As function approximators, deep neural networks have served as an effective tool to represent various signal types. Recent approaches utilize multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) to learn a nonlinear mapping from a coordinate to its corresponding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Woojin Cho , Minju Jo , Kookjin Lee , Noseong Park

This paper studies the role of activation functions in learning modular addition with two-layer neural networks. We first establish a sharp expressivity gap: sine MLPs admit width-$2$ exact realizations for any fixed length $m$ and, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Tianlong Huang , Zhiyuan Li

In many recent works, multi-layer perceptions (MLPs) have been shown to be suitable for modeling complex spatially-varying functions including images and 3D scenes. Although the MLPs are able to represent complex scenes with unprecedented…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Animesh Karnewar , Tobias Ritschel , Oliver Wang , Niloy J. Mitra

It is well noted that coordinate based MLPs benefit -- in terms of preserving high-frequency information -- through the encoding of coordinate positions as an array of Fourier features. Hitherto, the rationale for the effectiveness of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Jianqiao Zheng , Sameera Ramasinghe , Simon Lucey

An appropriate choice of the activation function (like ReLU, sigmoid or swish) plays an important role in the performance of (deep) multilayer perceptrons (MLP) for classification and regression learning. Prototype-based classification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Thomas Villmann , John Ravichandran , Andrea Villmann , David Nebel , Marika Kaden

Implicit neural representations (INRs) have arisen as useful methods for representing signals on Euclidean domains. By parameterizing an image as a multilayer perceptron (MLP) on Euclidean space, INRs effectively represent signals in a way…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-03 T. Mitchell Roddenberry , Vishwanath Saragadam , Maarten V. de Hoop , Richard G. Baraniuk

It is well noted that coordinate-based MLPs benefit -- in terms of preserving high-frequency information -- through the encoding of coordinate positions as an array of Fourier features. Hitherto, the rationale for the effectiveness of these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Jianqiao Zheng , Sameera Ramasinghe , Xueqian Li , Simon Lucey

Activation in deep neural networks is fundamental to achieving non-linear mappings. Traditional studies mainly focus on finding fixed activations for a particular set of learning tasks or model architectures. The research on flexible…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Renlong Jie , Junbin Gao , Andrey Vasnev , Min-ngoc Tran

A multi-layer perceptron (MLP) is a type of neural networks which has a long history of research and has been studied actively recently in computer vision and graphics fields. One of the well-known problems of an MLP is the capability of…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Shin Fujieda , Atsushi Yoshimura , Takahiro Harada

The widespread use of Multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) often relies on a fixed activation function (e.g., ReLU, Sigmoid, Tanh) for all nodes within the hidden layers. While effective in many scenarios, this uniformity may limit the networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Hy Nguyen , Duy Khoa Pham , Srikanth Thudumu , Hung Du , Rajesh Vasa , Kon Mouzakis

In neural networks, non-linearity is introduced by activation functions. One commonly used activation function is Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU). ReLU has been a popular choice as an activation but has flaws. State-of-the-art functions like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Advait Vagerwal

Neural networks with sinusoidal activations have been proposed as an alternative to networks with traditional activation functions. Despite their promise, particularly for learning implicit models, their training behavior is not yet fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Filipe de Avila Belbute-Peres , J. Zico Kolter

We propose a novel method to enhance the performance of coordinate-MLPs by learning instance-specific positional embeddings. End-to-end optimization of positional embedding parameters along with network weights leads to poor generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Sameera Ramasinghe , Simon Lucey

Implicit Neural Representation (INR), leveraging a neural network to transform coordinate input into corresponding attributes, has recently driven significant advances in several vision-related domains. However, the performance of INR is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Moein Heidari , Reza Rezaeian , Reza Azad , Dorit Merhof , Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh , Ilker Hacihaliloglu

We show that typical implicit regularization assumptions for deep neural networks (for regression) do not hold for coordinate-MLPs, a family of MLPs that are now ubiquitous in computer vision for representing high-frequency signals. Lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 Sameera Ramasinghe , Lachlan MacDonald , Simon Lucey

A key module in neural transformer-based deep architectures is positional encoding. This module enables a suitable way to encode positional information as input for transformer neural layers. This success has been rooted in the use of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ezequiel Lopez-Rubio , Macoris Decena-Gimenez , Rafael Marcos Luque-Baena

Activation functions play a key role in providing remarkable performance in deep neural networks, and the rectified linear unit (ReLU) is one of the most widely used activation functions. Various new activation functions and improvements on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Yang Liu , Jianpeng Zhang , Chao Gao , Jinghua Qu , Lixin Ji

Neural network models are known to reinforce hidden data biases, making them unreliable and difficult to interpret. We seek to build models that `know what they do not know' by introducing inductive biases in the function space. We show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Lassi Meronen , Martin Trapp , Arno Solin
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