Related papers: What is the planetary boundary layer?
Convergence of the solutions of nonhomogeneous linear singularly perturbed systems to that of the corresponding reduced singular system on the half-line [0, $\infty $) is considered. To include the situation on a neighborhood of initial…
After the sunset, under calm and clear sky conditions, aerosol laden surface air-layer, cools radiatively to the upper atmosphere. Predominant effect of the radiative cooling on the vertical temperature profile extends to several hundred…
Phase curves are the best technique to probe the three dimensional structure of exoplanets' atmospheres. In this chapter we first review current exoplanets phase curve observations and the particular challenges they face. We then describe…
We present a new method to identify and probe planetary companions of stars in the Galactic Bulge and Magellanic Clouds using gravitational microlensing. While spectroscopic studies of these planets is well beyond current observational…
We investigate a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) with uniform pressure force variations, focusing on understanding its response to local pressure force, local pressure force variation (local disequilibrating effect), and upstream history.…
In recent years, several potentially habitable, probably terrestrial exoplanets and exoplanet candidates have been discovered. The amount of CO2 in their atmosphere is of great importance for surface conditions and habitability. In the…
In this paper we will consider an unknown binary image, of which the length of the boundary and the area of the image are given. These two values together contain some information about the general shape of the image. We will study two…
The role of planetary nebulae as probes for the galactic chemical evolution is reviewed. Their abundances throughout the Galaxy are discussed for key elements, in particular oxygen and other alpha elements. The abundance distribution…
The circular polarization of light that planets reflect is often neglected because it is very small compared to the linear polarization. It could, however, provide information on a planet's atmosphere and surface, and on the presence of…
Since various structural components of planetary nebulae manifest themselves differently, a combination of optical, infrared, submm, and radio techniques is needed to derive a complete picture of planetary nebulae. The effects of projection…
The polarization state of starlight reflected by a planetary atmosphere uniquely reveals coverage, particle size, and composition of aerosols as well as changing cloud patterns. It is not possible to obtain a comparable level of detailed…
A spherical planetary nebula is described as a geometric model. The nebula itself is considered as a thin-shell which visualized as a boundary of two spacetimes. The inner and outer curvature tensors of the thin-shell are found in order to…
Real foams can be viewed as a geometrically well-organized dispersion of more or less spherical bubbles in a liquid. When the foam is so drained that the liquid content significantly decreases, the bubbles become polyhedral-like and the…
The spectral properties of blazars seem to follow a phenomenological sequence according to the source luminosity. By inferring the source physical parameters through (necessarily) modeling the blazar spectra, we have previously proposed…
We answer the question of when the underlying space of an orbifold is a manifold with boundary in several categories.
A compressible laminar boundary layer developing over an isotropic porous substrate is investigated by asymptotic and numerical methods. The substrate is modeled as an array of cubes. The momentum and enthalpy balance equations are derived…
The possibility that the energy density of the Universe is dominated by a network of low-tension domain walls provides an alternative to the commonly discussed cosmological constant and scalar-field quintessence models of dark energy. We…
Conventionally neutral atmospheric boundary layers (CNBLs), which are characterized with zero surface potential temperature flux and capped by an inversion of potential temperature, are frequently encountered in nature. Therefore,…
Underground laboratories provide the low radioactive background environment necessary to explore the highest energy scales that cannot be reached with accelerators, by searching for extremely rare phenomena. I have requested to the…
The entropy in the interior of the Universe has many contributions including well understood ones from radiation and relic neutrinos. The gravitational entropy is larger and more subtle. One contribution which provides our lower bound is…