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Obtaining continuous representations of structural data such as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) has gained attention in machine learning and artificial intelligence. However, embedding complex DAGs in which both ancestors and descendants of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Ryota Suzuki , Ryusuke Takahama , Shun Onoda

We describe a new method called t-ETE for finding a low-dimensional embedding of a set of objects in Euclidean space. We formulate the embedding problem as a joint ranking problem over a set of triplets, where each triplet captures the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-18 Ehsan Amid , Nikos Vlassis , Manfred K. Warmuth

The embedding of complex networks into metric spaces has become a research topic of high interest with a wide variety of proposed methods. Low dimensional hyperbolic spaces offer a natural co-domain for embeddings allowing a roughly uniform…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-10-07 Sámuel G. Balogh , Bendegúz Sulyok , Tamás Vicsek , Gergely Palla

Hierarchical data is common in many domains like life sciences and e-commerce, and its embeddings often play a critical role. While hyperbolic embeddings offer a theoretically grounded approach to representing hierarchies in low-dimensional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Hui Yang , Jiaoyan Chen

Recent research has shown that alignment between the structure of graph data and the geometry of an embedding space is crucial for learning high-quality representations of the data. The uniform geometry of Euclidean and hyperbolic spaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Wei Zhao , Federico Lopez , J. Maxwell Riestenberg , Michael Strube , Diaaeldin Taha , Steve Trettel

Given an image set without any labels, our goal is to train a model that maps each image to a point in a feature space such that, not only proximity indicates visual similarity, but where it is located directly encodes how prototypical the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Yunhui Guo , Youren Zhang , Yubei Chen , Stella X. Yu

T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) is a well-known algorithm for visualizing high-dimensional data by finding low-dimensional representations. In this paper, we study the convergence of t-SNE with generalized kernels and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-10 Yi Gu

Embedding geometry plays a fundamental role in retrieval quality, yet dense retrievers for retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) remain largely confined to Euclidean space. However, natural language exhibits hierarchical structure from broad…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Hiren Madhu , Ngoc Bui , Ali Maatouk , Leandros Tassiulas , Smita Krishnaswamy , Menglin Yang , Sukanta Ganguly , Kiran Srinivasan , Rex Ying

t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) is one of the most widely used dimensionality reduction methods for data visualization, but it has a perplexity hyperparameter that requires manual selection. In practice, proper tuning of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-11 Yanshuai Cao , Luyu Wang

Dimensionality reduction techniques are widely used for visualizing high-dimensional data in two dimensions. Existing methods are typically designed to preserve either local (e.g., $t$-SNE, UMAP) or global (e.g., MDS, PCA) structure of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Noël Kury , Dmitry Kobak , Sebastian Damrich

Recently, Graph Convolution Network (GCN) based methods have achieved outstanding performance for recommendation. These methods embed users and items in Euclidean space, and perform graph convolution on user-item interaction graphs.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Liping Wang , Fenyu Hu , Shu Wu , Liang Wang

Scene graph representations enable structured visual understanding by modeling objects and their relationships, and have been widely used for multiview and 3D scene reasoning. Existing methods such as MSG learn scene graph embeddings in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Liyang Wang , Zeyu Zhang , Hao Tang

A hyperbolic space has been shown to be more capable of modeling complex networks than a Euclidean space. This paper proposes an explicit update rule along geodesics in a hyperbolic space. The convergence of our algorithm is theoretically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-29 Yosuke Enokida , Atsushi Suzuki , Kenji Yamanishi

The clustering and visualisation of high-dimensional data is a ubiquitous task in modern data science. Popular techniques include nonlinear dimensionality reduction methods like t-SNE or UMAP. These methods face the `scale-problem' of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-20 Jack Kendrick

Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (SNE) is a manifold learning and dimensionality reduction method with a probabilistic approach. In SNE, every point is consider to be the neighbor of all other points with some probability and this probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-04 Benyamin Ghojogh , Ali Ghodsi , Fakhri Karray , Mark Crowley

Label inventories for fine-grained entity typing have grown in size and complexity. Nonetheless, they exhibit a hierarchical structure. Hyperbolic spaces offer a mathematically appealing approach for learning hierarchical representations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Federico López , Michael Strube

Hyperbolic space is a geometry that is known to be well-suited for representation learning of data with an underlying hierarchical structure. In this paper, we present a novel hyperbolic distribution called \textit{pseudo-hyperbolic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-13 Yoshihiro Nagano , Shoichiro Yamaguchi , Yasuhiro Fujita , Masanori Koyama

Representation of 2D frame less visual space as neural manifold and its modelling in the frame work of information geometry is presented. Origin of hyperbolic nature of the visual space is investigated using evidences from neuroscience.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Debasis Mazumdar

Hyperbolic geometry has emerged as an effective latent space for representing complex networks, owing to its ability to capture hierarchical organization and heterogeneous connectivity patterns using low-dimensional embeddings. As a result,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Sofía Pérez Casulo , Marcelo Fiori , Bernardo Marenco , Federico Larroca

Recent knowledge graph embedding (KGE) models based on hyperbolic geometry have shown great potential in a low-dimensional embedding space. However, the necessity of hyperbolic space in KGE is still questionable, because the calculation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Kai Wang , Yu Liu , Dan Lin , Quan Z. Sheng