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We propose polar encoding, a representation of categorical and numerical $[0,1]$-valued attributes with missing values to be used in a classification context. We argue that this is a good baseline approach, because it can be used with any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Oliver Urs Lenz , Daniel Peralta , Chris Cornelis

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a very successful dimensionality reduction technique, widely used in predictive modeling. A key factor in its widespread use in this domain is the fact that the projection of a dataset onto its first…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-19 Xianghui Luo , Robert J. Durrant

Internet of Things (IoT) devices generate heterogeneous data over time; and relying solely on individual data points is inadequate for accurate analysis. Segmentation is a common preprocessing step in many IoT applications, including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Seyed M. R. Modaresi , Aomar Osmani , Mohammadreza Razzazi , Abdelghani Chibani

Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) is a popular dimensionality reduction technique with a wide range of applications. However, it suffers from the problem of poor scalability. Various approximation methods have been proposed in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-13 Deena P. Francis , Kumudha Raimond

Sparse Principal Component Analysis (sPCA) is a cardinal technique for obtaining combinations of features, or principal components (PCs), that explain the variance of high-dimensional datasets in an interpretable manner. This involves…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Ryan Cory-Wright , Jean Pauphilet

In multivariate time series classification, although current sequence analysis models have excellent classification capabilities, they show significant shortcomings when dealing with long sequence multivariate data, such as prolonged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Enshuo Yan , Huachuan Wang , Weihao Xia

Categorical data are present in key areas such as health or supply chain, and this data require specific treatment. In order to apply recent machine learning models on such data, encoding is needed. In order to build interpretable models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Paul Peseux , Maxime Berar , Thierry Paquet , Victor Nicollet

IoT devices are increasingly the source of data for machine learning (ML) applications running on edge servers. Data transmissions from devices to servers are often over local wireless networks whose bandwidth is not just limited but, more…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Ruiqi Wang , Hanyang Liu , Jiaming Qiu , Moran Xu , Roch Guerin , Chenyang Lu

Numeric tabular datasets are the dominant data format in scientific practice, yet large language models lack native mechanisms for representing numeric datasets in a meaningful way across heterogeneous feature spaces. Existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 M. Ross Kunz , John Merickel , Keith Wilson

Basic block reordering is an important step for profile-guided binary optimization. The state-of-the-art goal for basic block reordering is to maximize the number of fall-through branches. However, we demonstrate that such orderings may…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Andy Newell , Sergey Pupyrev

In this paper, we propose a novel approach named by Discriminative Principal Component Analysis which is abbreviated as Discriminative PCA in order to enhance separability of PCA by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). The proposed method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-13 Hanli Qiao

Categorical regressor variables are usually handled by introducing a set of indicator variables, and imposing a linear constraint to ensure identifiability in the presence of an intercept, or equivalently, using one of various coding…

Computation · Statistics 2018-05-21 Felicitas J. Detmer , Martin Slawski

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and K-means constitute fundamental techniques in multivariate analysis. Although they are frequently applied independently or sequentially to cluster observations, the relationship between them, especially…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-02 Victor Saquicela , Kenneth Palacio-Baus , Mario Chifla

For open vocabulary recognition of ingredients in food images, segmenting the ingredients is a crucial step. This paper proposes a novel approach that explores PCA-based feature representations of image pixels using a convolutional neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Ying Dai

Optimization of mixed categorical-continuous variables is prevalent in real-world applications of black-box optimization. Recently, CatCMA has been proposed as a method for optimizing such variables and has demonstrated success in…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Youhei Akimoto , Xilin Gao , Ze Kai Ng , Daiki Morinaga

We propose a method to reduce the complexity of Generalized Linear Models in the presence of categorical predictors. The traditional one-hot encoding, where each category is represented by a dummy variable, can be wasteful, difficult to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-20 Emilio Carrizosa , Marcela Galvis Restrepo , Dolores Romero Morales

The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) is a promising variational algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems on near-term devices. However, as the number of layers in a QAOA circuit increases, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Owain Parry , Phil McMinn

Missing data is a commonly occurring problem in practice. Many imputation methods have been developed to fill in the missing entries. However, not all of them can scale to high-dimensional data, especially the multiple imputation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Thu Nguyen , Hoang Thien Ly , Michael Alexander Riegler , Pål Halvorsen , Hugo L. Hammer

Machine learning (ML) can process large sets of data generated from complex systems, which is ideal for classification tasks as often appeared in critical phenomena. Meanwhile ML techniques have been found effective in detecting critical…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-05-07 Shen Jianmin , Wang Shanshan , Li Wei , Xu Dian , Yang Yuxiang , Wang Yanyang , Gao Feng , Zhu Yueying , Tuo Kui

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well known procedure to reduce intrinsic complexity of a dataset, essentially through simplifying the covariance structure or the correlation structure. We introduce a novel algebraic, model-based…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-09 Martin Schlather , Felix Reinbott