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Reinforcement fine-tuning (RFT) has shown promise for training LLM agents to perform multi-turn decision-making based on environment feedback. However, most existing evaluations remain largely in-domain: training and testing are conducted…

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed framework for collaborative model training over large-scale distributed data, enabling higher performance while maintaining client data privacy. However, the nature of model aggregation at the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Ali Murad , Bo Hui , Wei-Shinn Ku

Lately, generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been successfully applied to zero-shot learning (ZSL) and achieved state-of-the-art performance. By synthesizing virtual unseen visual features, GAN-based methods convert the challenging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-18 Jingjing Li , Mengmeng Jing , Ke Lu , Lei Zhu , Yang Yang , Zi Huang

We study offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) in Markov games, where the goal is to learn an approximate equilibrium -- such as Nash equilibrium and (Coarse) Correlated Equilibrium -- from an offline dataset pre-collected from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yuheng Zhang , Yu Bai , Nan Jiang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) defines the task of learning from a fixed batch of data. Due to errors in value estimation from out-of-distribution actions, most offline RL algorithms take the approach of constraining or regularizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Scott Fujimoto , Shixiang Shane Gu

Several approaches have been proposed to improve the sample efficiency of online reinforcement learning (RL) by leveraging demonstrations collected offline. The offline data can be used directly as transitions to optimize RL objectives, or…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Dwait Bhatt , Shih-Chieh Chou , Nikolay Atanasov

We present an implementation of model-based online reinforcement learning (RL) for continuous domains with deterministic transitions that is specifically designed to achieve low sample complexity. To achieve low sample complexity, since the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-02-01 Tobias Jung , Peter Stone

We seek to understand what facilitates sample-efficient learning from historical datasets for sequential decision-making, a problem that is popularly known as offline reinforcement learning (RL). Further, we are interested in algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Thanh Nguyen-Tang , Raman Arora

The Reinforcement Learning field is strong on achievements and weak on reapplication; a computer playing GO at a super-human level is still terrible at Tic-Tac-Toe. This paper asks whether the method of training networks improves their…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Brad Windsor , Brandon O'Shea , Mengxi Wu

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) defines a sample-efficient learning paradigm, where a policy is learned from static and previously collected datasets without additional interaction with the environment. The major obstacle to offline RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Yunfan Zhou , Xijun Li , Qingyu Qu

Online reinforcement learning (RL) excels in complex, safety-critical domains but suffers from sample inefficiency, training instability, and limited interpretability. Data attribution provides a principled way to trace model behavior back…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yuzheng Hu , Fan Wu , Haotian Ye , David Forsyth , James Zou , Nan Jiang , Jiaqi W. Ma , Han Zhao

This paper presents a novel approach for unsupervised video summarization using reinforcement learning (RL), addressing limitations like unstable adversarial training and reliance on heuristic-based reward functions. The method operates on…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Mehryar Abbasi , Hadi Hadizadeh , Parvaneh Saeedi

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) optimizes the policy on a previously collected dataset without any interactions with the environment, yet usually suffers from the distributional shift problem. To mitigate this issue, a typical solution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Qisen Yang , Shenzhi Wang , Qihang Zhang , Gao Huang , Shiji Song

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) aims to turn large datasets into powerful decision-making engines without any online interactions with the environment. This great promise has motivated a large amount of research that hopes to replicate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Louis Monier , Jakub Kmec , Alexandre Laterre , Thomas Pierrot , Valentin Courgeau , Olivier Sigaud , Karim Beguir

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) tries to learn the near-optimal policy with recorded offline experience without online exploration. Current offline RL research includes: 1) generative modeling, i.e., approximating a policy using fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Hua Wei , Deheng Ye , Zhao Liu , Hao Wu , Bo Yuan , Qiang Fu , Wei Yang , Zhenhui Li

In this work, we present a simple yet theoretically motivated improvement to Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) for the Large Language Model (LLM), addressing its limited generalization compared to reinforcement learning (RL). Through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yongliang Wu , Yizhou Zhou , Zhou Ziheng , Yingzhe Peng , Xinyu Ye , Xinting Hu , Wenbo Zhu , Lu Qi , Ming-Hsuan Yang , Xu Yang

In sequential decision-making problems, Return-Conditioned Supervised Learning (RCSL) has gained increasing recognition for its simplicity and stability in modern decision-making tasks. Unlike traditional offline reinforcement learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Zhishuai Liu , Yu Yang , Ruhan Wang , Pan Xu , Dongruo Zhou

Reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is the canonical framework for large language model alignment. However, rising popularity in offline alignment algorithms challenge the need for on-policy sampling in RLHF. Within the…

The safety of large language models (LLMs) relies on alignment techniques such as reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF). However, recent theoretical analyses suggest that reinforcement learning-based training does not acquire…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Haruhi Shida , Koo Imai , Keigo Kansa

Current approaches to Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) struggle to learn generalizable semantic knowledge capable of capturing complex correlations. Inspired by \emph{Spiral Curriculum}, which enhances learning processes by revisiting knowledge, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Zhe Liu , Yun Li , Lina Yao , Julian McAuley , Sam Dixon