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The acceleration of the solar coronal plasma to supersonic speeds is one of the most fundamental yet unresolved problem in heliophysics. Despite the success of Parker's pioneering theory on an isothermal solar corona, the realistic solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-21 Chen Shi , Marco Velli , Stuart D. Bale , Victor Réville , Milan Maksimović , Jean-Baptiste Dakeyo

A detailed and systematic investigation of polytropic gas effects in Parker's solar wind model and coronal-hole flows is given. We present a viable equation governing the acceleration of solar wind of a polytropic gas and give its exact…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-20 B. K. Shivamoggi , L. Pohl

Polytropic models of stellar winds remain to be useful tools because they allow for a simple description of the energy balance of the expanding plasma without explicitly specifying potentially complex energy transport processes like, e.g.,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-23 L. Westrich , B. Shergelashvili , H. Fichtner , V. N. Melnik

Spherically symmetric hydrodynamical outflows accelerated thermally in the vicinity of a compact object are studied by generalizing an equation of state with a variable effective polytropic index, appropriate to describe relativistic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Z. Meliani , C. Sauty , K. Tsinganos , N. Vlahakis

A polytropic process describes the transition of a fluid from one state to another through a specific relationship between the fluid density and temperature. The value of the polytropic index that governs this relationship determines the…

Parker's hydrodynamic stellar wind model is extended to polytropic gas flows. A compatible theoretical formulation is given and detailed numerical and systematic asymptotic theoretical considerations are presented. The polytropic conditions…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-14 B. K. Shivamoggi , D. K. Rollins

The purpose of this paper is to present a novel optimal theoretical framework based on potential flow theory in ideal gas dynamics which provides a smooth extrapolation of Parker's steady solar wind model to the unsteady case. The viability…

Space Physics · Physics 2024-12-20 Bhimsen K. Shivamoggi

Observations of slow magneto-acoustic waves have been demonstrated to possess a number of applications in coronal seismology. Determination of the polytropic index ($\gamma$) is one such important application. Analysing the amplitudes of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-12 S. Krishna Prasad , J. O. Raes , T. Van Doorsselaere , N. Magyar , D. B. Jess

Steady-state solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations are known to admit solutions that are singular at the sonic point. Consequently, inviscid solar wind models require special treatment of the solution near the sonic points, and this has…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-19 Roger B. Scott , Stephen J. Bradshaw , Mark G. Linton , Chris Lowder , Leonard Strachan

We discuss steady-state transonic outflows obtained by direct numerical solution of the hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic equations. We make use of the Versatile Advection Code, a software package for solving systems of (hyperbolic)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. Keppens , J. P. Goedbloed

We analyze proton bulk parameters derived from Ulysses observations and investigate the polytropic behavior of solar wind protons over a wide range of heliocentric distances and latitudes. The large-scale variations of the proton density…

Space Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Georgios Nicolaou , George Livadiotis , David J. McComas

We examine and propose to fundamentally modify the classical theory of solar wind formation. To form a supersonic solar wind, the classical theory requires that a subsonic flow speed must start at a specific initial speed from the coronal…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-19 Paul Song , Jiannan Tu , Stanley W. H. Cowley , Chi Wang , Hui Li

A new class of one-dimensional solar wind models is developed within the general polytropic, single-fluid hydrodynamic framework. The particular case of quasi-adiabatic radial expansion with a localized heating source is considered. We…

Stability of Parker's steady solar wind solution near the solar surface is systematically investigated by posing a Sturm-Liouville problem for this solution. Parker's solar wind solution, whether it turns into a breeze or a supersonic wind…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Bhimsen Shivamoggi

Self-similar shock solutions in spherically symmetric polytropic gas flows are constructed and analyzed in contexts of proto-star formation processes. Among other possible solutions, we model a similarity shock across the sonic critical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Yu-Qing Lou , Yang Gao

Here we derive a Parker-wind like solution for a stratified, plane-parallel atmosphere undergoing photoionisation. The difference compared to the standard Parker solar wind is that the sonic point is crossed only at infinity. The simplicity…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-20 Mark A. Hutchison , Guillaume Laibe

We have developed a time-dependent two-component hydrodynamics code to simulate radiatively-driven stellar winds from hot stars. We use a time-explicit van Leer scheme to solve the hydrodynamic equations of a two-component stellar wind.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 V. Votruba , A. Feldmeier , J. Kubát , D. Rätzel

Stellar winds are an integral part of the underlying dynamo, the motor of stellar activity. The wind controls the star's angular momentum loss, which depends on the magnetic field geometry which varies significantly in time and latitude.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-16 P. Jakab , A. Brandenburg

We reconsider the structure of thermally driven rotating Parker wind. Rotation, without \Bf, changes qualitatively the structure of the subsonic region: solutions become non-monotonic and do not extend to the origin. For small angular…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-05 Maxim Lyutikov

We extend the analytic expressions for polytropic wind-driven bubbles and their shock structures, formulated initially in Koo and McKee 1992(a,b), focusing on spherically symmetric configurations in astrophysical environments with…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-29 Dmitrii Zagorulia , Hsien Shang , Ruben Krasnopolsky
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