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The task of Critical Questions Generation (CQs-Gen) aims to foster critical thinking by enabling systems to generate questions that expose underlying assumptions and challenge the validity of argumentative reasoning structures. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Banca Calvo Figueras , Rodrigo Agerri

We propose a novel method for exploiting the semantic structure of text to answer multiple-choice questions. The approach is especially suitable for domains that require reasoning over a diverse set of linguistic constructs but have limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Daniel Khashabi , Tushar Khot , Ashish Sabharwal , Dan Roth

In education, open-ended quiz questions have become an important tool for assessing the knowledge of students. Yet, manually preparing such questions is a tedious task, and thus automatic question generation has been proposed as a possible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Kristiyan Vachev , Momchil Hardalov , Georgi Karadzhov , Georgi Georgiev , Ivan Koychev , Preslav Nakov

Generative search systems are increasingly replacing link-based retrieval with AI-generated summaries, yet little is known about how these systems differ in sources, language, and fidelity to cited material. We examine responses to 11,000…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Michelle Huang , Agam Goyal , Koustuv Saha , Eshwar Chandrasekharan

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a cornerstone of modern question answering (QA) systems, enabling grounded answers based on external knowledge. Although recent progress has been driven by open-domain datasets, enterprise QA systems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Dvir Cohen , Lin Burg , Sviatoslav Pykhnivskyi , Hagit Gur , Stanislav Kovynov , Olga Atzmon , Gilad Barkan

Humans ask follow-up questions driven by curiosity, which reflects a creative human cognitive process. We introduce the task of real-world information-seeking follow-up question generation (FQG), which aims to generate follow-up questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Yan Meng , Liangming Pan , Yixin Cao , Min-Yen Kan

Coupled with the availability of large scale datasets, deep learning architectures have enabled rapid progress on the Question Answering task. However, most of those datasets are in English, and the performances of state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-15 Arij Riabi , Thomas Scialom , Rachel Keraron , Benoît Sagot , Djamé Seddah , Jacopo Staiano

When Question-Answering (QA) systems are deployed in the real world, users query them through a variety of interfaces, such as speaking to voice assistants, typing questions into a search engine, or even translating questions to languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Abhilasha Ravichander , Siddharth Dalmia , Maria Ryskina , Florian Metze , Eduard Hovy , Alan W Black

Recent advancements in Large Language Models and Retrieval-Augmented Generation have boosted interest in domain-specific question-answering for enterprise products. However, AI Assistants often face challenges in multi-product QA settings,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Parshin Shojaee , Sai Sree Harsha , Dan Luo , Akash Maharaj , Tong Yu , Yunyao Li

Existing question answering (QA) systems owe much of their success to large, high-quality training data. Such annotation efforts are costly, and the difficulty compounds in the cross-lingual setting. Therefore, prior cross-lingual QA work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Bryan Li , Chris Callison-Burch

Open-ended question answering (QA) evaluates a model's ability to perform contextualized reasoning beyond factual recall. This challenge is especially acute in practice-based domains, where knowledge is procedural and grounded in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Si Chen , Le Huy Khiem , Annalisa Szymanski , Ronald Metoyer , Ting Hua , Nitesh V. Chawla

Real-world use cases often present RAG systems with complex queries for which relevant information is missing from the corpus or is incomplete. In these settings, RAG systems must be able to reject unanswerable, out-of-scope queries and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Gabrielle Kaili-May Liu , Bryan Li , Arman Cohan , William Gantt Walden , Eugene Yang

Closed-book question answering (QA) requires a model to directly answer an open-domain question without access to any external knowledge. Prior work on closed-book QA either directly finetunes or prompts a pretrained language model (LM) to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Dan Su , Mostofa Patwary , Shrimai Prabhumoye , Peng Xu , Ryan Prenger , Mohammad Shoeybi , Pascale Fung , Anima Anandkumar , Bryan Catanzaro

We propose a framework for answering open domain multi-hop questions in which partial information is read and used to generate followup questions, to finally be answered by a pretrained single-hop answer extractor. This framework makes each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Christopher Malon , Bing Bai

As one promising way to inquire about any particular information through a dialog with the bot, question answering dialog systems have gained increasing research interests recently. Designing interactive QA systems has always been a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Munazza Zaib , Dai Hoang Tran , Subhash Sagar , Adnan Mahmood , Wei E. Zhang , Quan Z. Sheng

We study automatic question generation for sentences from text passages in reading comprehension. We introduce an attention-based sequence learning model for the task and investigate the effect of encoding sentence- vs. paragraph-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Xinya Du , Junru Shao , Claire Cardie

The rapid evolution of communication technologies has led to an explosion of standards, rendering traditional expert-dependent consultation methods inefficient and slow. To address this challenge, we propose \textbf{KG2QA}, a question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Zhongze Luo , Weixuan Wan , Tianya Zhang , Dan Wang , Xiaoying Tang

One of the exciting capabilities of recent language models for dialog is their ability to independently search for relevant information to ground a given dialog response. However, obtaining training data to teach models how to issue search…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yonatan Bitton , Shlomi Cohen-Ganor , Ido Hakimi , Yoad Lewenberg , Roee Aharoni , Enav Weinreb

Multi-hop question answering requires models to gather information from different parts of a text to answer a question. Most current approaches learn to address this task in an end-to-end way with neural networks, without maintaining an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Jifan Chen , Shih-ting Lin , Greg Durrett

Automatic question generation is an important technique that can improve the training of question answering, help chatbots to start or continue a conversation with humans, and provide assessment materials for educational purposes. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Bang Liu , Mingjun Zhao , Di Niu , Kunfeng Lai , Yancheng He , Haojie Wei , Yu Xu