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Real-world business applications require a trade-off between language model performance and size. We propose a new method for model compression that relies on vocabulary transfer. We evaluate the method on various vertical domains and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Leonidas Gee , Andrea Zugarini , Leonardo Rigutini , Paolo Torroni

Large Language Models are growing in size, and we expect them to continue to do so, as larger models train quicker. However, this increase in size will severely impact inference costs. Therefore model compression is important, to retain the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Georgy Tyukin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed natural language processing tasks successfully. Yet, their large size and high computational needs pose challenges for practical use, especially in resource-limited settings. Model compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Xunyu Zhu , Jian Li , Yong Liu , Can Ma , Weiping Wang

Large-scale Transformer models are known for their exceptional performance in a range of tasks, but training them can be difficult due to the requirement for communication-intensive model parallelism. One way to improve training speed is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-09 Song Bian , Dacheng Li , Hongyi Wang , Eric P. Xing , Shivaram Venkataraman

Due to the substantial scale of Large Language Models (LLMs), the direct application of conventional compression methodologies proves impractical. The computational demands associated with even minimal gradient updates present challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Arnav Chavan , Nahush Lele , Deepak Gupta

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across a wide range of industrial applications, from search and recommendation systems to generative tasks. Although scaling laws indicate that larger models generally…

Large language models have steadily increased in size to achieve improved performance; however, this growth has also led to greater inference time and computational demands. Consequently, there is rising interest in model size reduction…

We introduce compression laws for language language models (LLMs). While recent scaling laws have sought to understand how LLMs scale with respect to model size, pre-training data, and computational resources, we focus on understanding how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Ayan Sengupta , Siddhant Chaudhary , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Transformer plays a vital role in the realms of natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV), specially for constructing large language models (LLM) and large vision models (LVM). Model compression methods reduce the memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Yehui Tang , Yunhe Wang , Jianyuan Guo , Zhijun Tu , Kai Han , Hailin Hu , Dacheng Tao

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit excellent performance in various tasks. However, the memory requirements of LLMs present a great challenge when deploying on memory-limited devices, even for quantized LLMs. This paper introduces a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Weilan Wang , Yu Mao , Dongdong Tang , Hongchao Du , Nan Guan , Chun Jason Xue

Large Language Models (LLMs) trained with self-supervision on vast corpora of web text fit to the social biases of that text. Without intervention, these social biases persist in the model's predictions in downstream tasks, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Gustavo Gonçalves , Emma Strubell

Large language models (LLMs) significantly enhance the performance of various applications, but they are computationally intensive and energy-demanding. This makes it challenging to deploy them on devices with limited resources, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Yang Li , Daniel Agyei Asante , Changsheng Zhao , Ernie Chang , Yangyang Shi , Vikas Chandra

Since hardware resources are limited, the objective of training deep learning models is typically to maximize accuracy subject to the time and memory constraints of training and inference. We study the impact of model size in this setting,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Zhuohan Li , Eric Wallace , Sheng Shen , Kevin Lin , Kurt Keutzer , Dan Klein , Joseph E. Gonzalez

The increasing size and complexity of Large Language Models (LLMs) pose challenges for their deployment on personal computers and mobile devices. Aggressive post-training model compression is necessary to reduce the models' size, but it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Zining Zhang , Yao Chen , Bingsheng He , Zhenjie Zhang

Prompt engineering enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform a variety of tasks. However, lengthy prompts significantly increase computational complexity and economic costs. To address this issue, we study six prompt compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Zheng Zhang , Jinyi Li , Yihuai Lan , Xiang Wang , Hao Wang

Transformer based large language models have achieved tremendous success. However, the significant memory and computational costs incurred during the inference process make it challenging to deploy large models on resource-constrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Wenxiao Wang , Wei Chen , Yicong Luo , Yongliu Long , Zhengkai Lin , Liye Zhang , Binbin Lin , Deng Cai , Xiaofei He

Transformer-based language models for code have shown remarkable performance in various software analytics tasks, but their adoption is hindered by high computational costs, slow inference speeds, and substantial environmental impact. Model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Md. Abdul Awal , Mrigank Rochan , Chanchal K. Roy

Overparameterized models have proven to be powerful tools for solving various machine learning tasks. However, overparameterization often leads to a substantial increase in computational and memory costs, which in turn requires extensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Soo Min Kwon , Zekai Zhang , Dogyoon Song , Laura Balzano , Qing Qu

While the numerous parameters in Large Language Models (LLMs) contribute to their superior performance, this massive scale makes them inefficient and memory-hungry. Thus, they are hard to deploy on commodity hardware, such as one single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Zhaozhuo Xu , Zirui Liu , Beidi Chen , Yuxin Tang , Jue Wang , Kaixiong Zhou , Xia Hu , Anshumali Shrivastava

Compressing large language models (LLMs), often consisting of billions of parameters, provides faster inference, smaller memory footprints, and enables local deployment. Two standard compression techniques are pruning and quantization, with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Satya Sai Srinath Namburi , Makesh Sreedhar , Srinath Srinivasan , Frederic Sala
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