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In this short review, I draw attention to new developments in the theory of fault tolerance in quantum computation that may give concrete direction to future work in the development of superconducting qubit systems. The basics of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 David P. DiVincenzo

In the past years, quantum computers more and more have evolved from an academic idea to an upcoming reality. IBM's project IBM Q can be seen as evidence of this progress. Launched in March 2017 with the goal to provide access to quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-08 Alwin Zulehner , Alexandru Paler , Robert Wille

We realize Surface Code quantum memories for nearest-neighbor qubits with always-on Ising interactions. This is done by utilizing multi-qubit gates that mimic the functionality of several gates. The previously proposed Surface Code memories…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-22 Sahar Daraeizadeh , Sarah Mostame , Preethika Kumar Eslami , Marek Perkowski , Xiaoyu Song

In this paper, we explore the relationship between the width of a qubit lattice constrained in one dimension and physical thresholds for scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computation. To circumvent the traditionally low thresholds of small…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-15 Alexis T. E. Shaw , Michael J. Bremner , Alexandru Paler , Daniel Herr , Simon J. Devitt

Quantum error correction (QEC) is one of the crucial building blocks for developing quantum computers that have significant potential for reaching a quantum advantage in applications. Prominent candidates for QEC are stabilizer codes for…

We propose a model for quantum computing with long chains of trapped ions and we design quantum error correction schemes for this model. The main components of a quantum error correction scheme are the quantum code and a quantum circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-03 Min Ye , Nicolas Delfosse

Circuit knitting emerges as a promising technique to overcome the limitation of the few physical qubits in near-term quantum hardware by cutting large quantum circuits into smaller subcircuits. Recent research in this area has been…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Xiangyu Ren , Mengyu Zhang , Antonio Barbalace

Quantum information processors need to be protected against errors and faults. One of the most widely considered fault-tolerant architecture is based on surface codes. While the general principles of these codes are well understood and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-15 Nicolas Delfosse , Pavithran Iyer , David Poulin

The surface code is one of the most successful approaches to topological quantum error-correction. It boasts the smallest known syndrome extraction circuits and correspondingly largest thresholds. Defect-based logical encodings of a new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-26 Theodore J. Yoder , Isaac H. Kim

The surface code is one of the most promising candidates for combating errors in large scale fault-tolerant quantum computation. A fault-tolerant decoder is a vital part of the error correction process---it is the algorithm which computes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-15 Fern H. E. Watson , Hussain Anwar , Dan E. Browne

Spin qubits in silicon quantum dots are one of the most promising building blocks for large scale quantum computers thanks to their high qubit density and compatibility with the existing semiconductor technologies. High fidelity…

Quantum error correction is necessary for achieving exponential speedups on important applications. The planar surface code has remained the most studied error-correcting code for the last two decades because of its relative simplicity.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-24 Suhas Vittal , Ali Javadi-Abhari , Andrew W. Cross , Lev S. Bishop , Moinuddin Qureshi

Most quantum computing architectures can be realized as two-dimensional lattices of qubits that interact with each other. We take transmon qubits and transmission line resonators as promising candidates for qubits and couplers; we use them…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-03-14 Martin Wosnitzka , Fabio L. Pedrocchi , David P. DiVincenzo

A large-scale quantum circuit can be partitioned into multiple subcircuits through circuit cutting, where each subcircuit is executed multiple times and the expectation value of the original circuit is reconstructed by classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Ryota Tamura , Tomoya Kashimata , Yohei Hamakawa , Kosuke Tatsumura , Hiroshi Imai

Surface codes are a popular error-correction route to fault-tolerant quantum computation. The so-called exponential backlog problem that can arise when one has to do logical $T$-gates within the surface code demands real-time decoding of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Long D. H. My , Shao-Hen Chiew , Jing Hao Chai , Hui Khoon Ng

Individual impurity atoms in silicon can make superb individual qubits, but it remains an immense challenge to build a multi-qubit processor: There is a basic conflict between nanometre separation desired for qubit-qubit interactions, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-05 Joe O'Gorman , Naomi H. Nickerson , Philipp Ross , John J. L. Morton , Simon C. Benjamin

Recent advancements in quantum computing have enabled practical use of quantum error detecting and correcting codes. However, current architectures and future proposals of quantum computer design suffer from limited qubit counts,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Cordell Mazzetti , Sayam Sethi , Rich Rines , Pranav Gokhale , Jonathan Mark Baker

Superconducting quantum devices are a leading technology for quantum computation, but they suffer from several challenges. Gate errors, coherence errors and a lack of connectivity all contribute to low fidelity results. In particular,…

It is well understood that a two-dimensional grid of locally-interacting qubits is a promising platform for achieving fault tolerant quantum computing. However in the near-future, it may prove less challenging to develop lower dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-28 Adam Siegel , Armands Strikis , Michael Fogarty

A limited number of qubits, high error rates, and limited qubit connectivity are major challenges for effective near-term quantum computations. Quantum circuit partitioning divides a quantum computation into a set of computations that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Sebastian Brandhofer , Ilia Polian , Kevin Krsulich