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Constraint handling remains a key bottleneck in quantum combinatorial optimization. While slack-variable-based encodings are straightforward, they significantly increase qubit counts and circuit depth, challenging the scalability of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-12 Monit Sharma , Hoong Chuin Lau

Solving optimisation problems is a promising near-term application of quantum computers. Quantum variational algorithms leverage quantum superposition and entanglement to optimise over exponentially large solution spaces using an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-13 Edric Matwiejew , Jason Pye , Jingbo B. Wang

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged as a promising near-term technique to explore practical quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. However, the inefficient parameter training process due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-24 Yun-Fei Niu , Shuo Zhang , Chen Ding , Wan-Su Bao , He-Liang Huang

In variational quantum algorithms, parameterization is typically applied to single-qubit gates.In this study, we instead parameterize a generalized controlled gate and propose an algorithm to locally minimize the cost function by maximally…

Quantum algorithms are of great interest for their possible use in optimization problems. In particular, variational algorithms that use classical counterparts to optimize parameters hold promise for use in currently existing devices.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Bruno Oziel Fernandez , Rodrigo Bloot , Marcelo Moret

Recent technological developments have focused the interest of the quantum computing community on investigating how near-term devices could outperform classical computers for practical applications. A central question that remains open is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-24 Daniel Stilck Franca , Raul Garcia-Patron

Combinatorial optimization models a vast range of industrial processes aiming at improving their efficiency. In general, solving this type of problem exactly is computationally intractable. Therefore, practitioners rely on heuristic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-14 David Amaro , Matthias Rosenkranz , Nathan Fitzpatrick , Koji Hirano , Mattia Fiorentini

The intractability of deterministic solutions in solving $\mathcal{NP}$-Hard Combinatorial Optimisation Problems (COP) is well reported in the literature. One mechanism for overcoming this difficulty has been the use of efficient COP…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-25 Maxine T. Khumalo , Hazel A. Chieza , Krupa Prag , Matthew Woolway

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have been proposed as one of the most promising approaches to demonstrate quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. However, it has been unclear whether VQAs can maintain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-15 Shigeo Hakkaku , Yuichiro Tashima , Kosuke Mitarai , Wataru Mizukami , Keisuke Fujii

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged in recent years as a promise to obtain quantum advantage. These task-oriented algorithms work in a hybrid loop combining a quantum processor and classical optimization. Using a specific…

With an ever-expanding ecosystem of noisy and intermediate-scale quantum devices, exploring their possible applications is a rapidly growing field of quantum information science. In this work, we demonstrate that variational quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-16 Johannes Jakob Meyer , Johannes Borregaard , Jens Eisert

This paper explores the use of quantum computing, specifically the use of HHL and VQLS algorithms, to solve optimal power flow problem in electrical grids. We investigate the effectiveness of these quantum algorithms in comparison to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-10 Sajad Fathi Hafshejani , Md Mohsin Uddin , David Neufeld , Daya Gaur , Robert Benkoczi

In this work, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm has been used to train various Variational Quantum Circuits (VQCs). This approach is motivated by the fact that commonly used gradient-based optimization methods can suffer from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Marco Mordacci , Michele Amoretti

We propose a sequential minimal optimization method for quantum-classical hybrid algorithms, which converges faster, is robust against statistical error, and is hyperparameter-free. Specifically, the optimization problem of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-04 Ken M. Nakanishi , Keisuke Fujii , Synge Todo

The quantum approximate optimisation algorithm (QAOA) is at the core of many scenarios that aim to combine the power of quantum computers and classical high-performance computing appliances for combinatorial optimisation. Several obstacles…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Simon Thelen , Hila Safi , Wolfgang Mauerer

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) constitute a prominent framework for exploring the capabilities of near-term quantum computers. As the effectiveness of VQAs depends heavily on the design of variational quantum circuits, Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Haozhen Situ , Zhimin He , Lvzhou Li

Classical optimization is a cornerstone of the success of variational quantum algorithms, which often require determining the derivatives of the cost function relative to variational parameters. The computation of the cost function and its…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Muhammad Umer , Eleftherios Mastorakis , Dimitris G. Angelakis

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are among the most promising algorithms in the era of Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum Devices. Such algorithms are constructed using a parameterization U($\pmb{\theta}$) with a classical optimizer that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-21 Lucas Friedrich , Jonas Maziero

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are increasingly being applied in simulations of strongly-bound (covalently bonded) systems using full molecular orbital basis representations. The application of quantum computers to the weakly-bound…

Quantum computers are expected to be highly beneficial for chemistry simulations, promising significant improvements in accuracy and speed. The most prominent algorithm for chemistry simulations on NISQ devices is the Variational Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-27 Marita Oliv , Andrea Matic , Thomas Messerer , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz
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