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We calculate the response of an Unruh--DeWitt detector in a 2+1d spacetime that contains a BTZ black hole in a superposition of locations. Upon performing a Quantum Reference Frame (QRF) transformation, this can also be seen as a detector…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-15 Laurens Walleghem , Carlo Cepollaro

Within any anticipated unifying theory of quantum gravity, it should be meaningful to combine the fundamental notions of quantum superposition and spacetime to obtain so-called "spacetime superpositions": that is, quantum superpositions of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-08 Joshua Foo , Cemile Senem Arabaci , Magdalena Zych , Robert B. Mann

A new approach for operationally studying the effects of spacetime in quantum superpositions of semiclassical states has recently been proposed by some of the authors. This approach was applied to the case of a (2+1)-dimensional…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-18 Cendikiawan Suryaatmadja , Cemile Senem Arabaci , Matthew P. G. Robbins , Joshua Foo , Magdalena Zych , Robert B. Mann

The quantum superposition principle states that quantum-mechanical systems such as atoms can be placed in a superposition of mass-energy eigenstates. Inspired by this idea and the seminal conjecture of Bekenstein, who proposed that black…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-04-04 Joshua Foo , Robert B. Mann , Magdalena Zych

In the absence of a fully-fledged theory of quantum gravity, we propose a "bottom-up" framework for exploring quantum-gravitational physics by pairing two of the most fundamental concepts of quantum theory and general relativity, namely…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-20 Joshua Foo , Robert B. Mann , Magdalena Zych

In this paper, we explore correlation harvesting in quantum superposition, specifically focusing on the entanglement and mutual information extracted by two Unruh-DeWitt detectors interacting with a quantum field in a mass-superposed BTZ…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-10 Yu Tang , Wentao Liu , Zhilong Liu , Jieci Wang

Quantum gravity is expected to contain descriptions of semiclassical spacetime geometries in quantum superpositions. To date, no framework for modelling such superpositions has been devised. Here, we provide a new phenomenological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-11 Joshua Foo , Robert B. Mann , Magdalena Zych

In pursuit of a full-fledged theory of quantum gravity, operational approaches offer insights into quantum-gravitational effects produced by quantum superposition of different spacetimes not diffeomorphic to one another. Recent work applies…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-17 Lakshay Goel , Everett A. Patterson , María Rosa Preciado-Rivas , Mahdi Torabian , Robert B. Mann , Niayesh Afshordi

We study quantum gravity signatures emerging from phenomenologically motivated multiscale models, spectral actions, and Causal Set Theory within the detector approach to the Unruh effect. We show that while the Unruh temperature is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-12-07 Natalia Alkofer , Giulio D'Odorico , Frank Saueressig , Fleur Versteegen

In the lack of a full-fledged theory of quantum gravity, I consider free, scalar, quantum fields on curved spacetimes to gain insight into the interaction between quantum and gravitational phenomena. I employ the Unruh-DeWitt detector…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-21 Lissa de Souza Campos

We investigate the mass superposition of BTZ black holes using the velocity correlation function. Interestingly, the quantum signatures of BTZ black hole mass superposition can be revealed by the velocity correlation peaks. Additionally,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-04-08 Hongbin Zhang , Baocheng Zhang

We study the superposition of primordial massive particles and compute the associated decoherence time scale in the radiation dominated universe. We observe that for lighter primordial particles with masses up to $10^7\,\rm{kg}$, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-27 Gowtham Amirthya Neppoleon , Aditya Iyer , Vlatko Vedral , Yi Wang

Superpositions of black holes can be described geometrically using a combined canonical formulation for space-time and quantum states. A previously introduced black-hole model that includes quantum fluctuations of metric components is shown…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-11 Kallan Berglund , Martin Bojowald , Aurora Colter , Manuel Diaz

It is univocally anticipated that in a theory of quantum gravity, there exist quantum superpositions of semiclassical states of spacetime geometry. Such states could arise for example, from a source mass in a superposition of spatial…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-20 Joshua Foo , Robert B. Mann , Magdalena Zych

Unruh-deWitt detectors have been utilised widely as probes for quantum particles, entanglement and spacetime curvature. Here, we extend the standard treatment of an Unruh-deWitt detector interacting with a massless, scalar field to include…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-13 Joshua Foo , Sho Onoe , Magdalena Zych

We analyze the recent proposal of measuring a quantum gravity phenomenon in the lab by entangling two particles gravitationally. We give a generally covariant description of this phenomenon, where the relevant effect turns out to be a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-16 Marios Christodoulou , Carlo Rovelli

Without a complete theory of quantum gravity, the question of how quantum fields and quantum particles behave in a superposition of spacetimes seems beyond the reach of theoretical and experimental investigations. Here we use an extension…

Particle detector models such as the Unruh-deWitt detector are widely used in relativistic quantum information and field theory to probe the global features of spacetime and quantum fields. These detectors are typically modelled as coupling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-17 Joshua Foo , Sho Onoe , Robert B. Mann , Magdalena Zych

I review several different calculations, coming from string theory, nonperturbative quantum gravity and analyses of black holes that lead to predictions of phenomena that would uniquely be signatures of quantum gravitational effects. These…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-08-31 Lee Smolin

We show that gravitational-wave astronomy has the potential to inform us on quantum aspects of black holes. Based on Bekenstein's quantization, we find that black hole area discretization could impart observable imprints to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-09 Ivan Agullo , Vitor Cardoso , Adrian del Rio , Michele Maggiore , Jorge Pullin
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