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It is difficult for individuals and organizations to protect personal information without a fundamental understanding of relative privacy risks. By analyzing over 5,000 empirical identity theft and fraud cases, this research identifies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Haoran Niu , K. Suzanne Barber

Ensuring privacy of sensitive data is essential in many contexts, such as healthcare data, banks, e-commerce, wireless sensor networks, and social networks. It is common that different entities coordinate or want to rely on a third party to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-06-16 Pradeep Chathuranga Weeraddana , George Athanasiou , Martin Jakobsson , Carlo Fischione , John S. Baras

Differential privacy is an information theoretic constraint on algorithms and code. It provides quantification of privacy leakage and formal privacy guarantees that are currently considered the gold standard in privacy protections. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Daniel Kifer , Solomon Messing , Aaron Roth , Abhradeep Thakurta , Danfeng Zhang

The eruption of big data with the increasing collection and processing of vast volumes and variety of data have led to breakthrough discoveries and innovation in science, engineering, medicine, commerce, criminal justice, and national…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Fang Liu

The explosive growth of machine learning has made it a critical infrastructure in the era of artificial intelligence. The extensive use of data poses a significant threat to individual privacy. Various countries have implemented…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Hengzhu Liu , Ping Xiong , Tianqing Zhu , Philip S. Yu

Along with the blooming of AI and Machine Learning-based applications and services, data privacy and security have become a critical challenge. Conventionally, data is collected and aggregated in a data centre on which machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Nguyen Truong , Kai Sun , Siyao Wang , Florian Guitton , Yike Guo

Sharing medical data for machine learning model training purposes is often impossible due to the risk of disclosing identifying information about individual patients. Synthetic data produced by generative artificial intelligence (genAI)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Rustam Zhumagambetov , Niklas Giesa , Sebastian D. Boie , Stefan Haufe

The convergence of artificial AI and XR technologies (AI XR) promises innovative applications across many domains. However, the sensitive nature of data (e.g., eye-tracking) used in these systems raises significant privacy concerns, as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Ripan Kumar Kundu , Istiak Ahmed , Khaza Anuarul Hoque

Privacy Policies are the legal documents that describe the practices that an organization or company has adopted in the handling of the personal data of its users. But as policies are a legal document, they are often written in extensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Ayesha Qamar , Tehreem Javed , Mirza Omer Beg

An increasing number of LLM-based applications are being developed to facilitate romantic relationships with AI partners, yet the safety and privacy risks in these partnerships remain largely underexplored. In this work, we investigate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Rongjun Ma , Shijing He , Jose Luis Martin-Navarro , Xiao Zhan , Jose Such

Organisations can use artificial intelligence to make decisions about people for a variety of reasons, for instance, to select the best candidates from many job applications. However, AI systems can have discriminatory effects when used for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Marvin van Bekkum , Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius

As the integration of Internet of Things devices with cloud computing proliferates, the paramount importance of privacy preservation comes to the forefront. This survey paper meticulously explores the landscape of privacy issues in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-02 D. Dhinakaran , S. M. Udhaya Sankar , D. Selvaraj , S. Edwin Raja

Differential privacy allows bounding the influence that training data records have on a machine learning model. To use differential privacy in machine learning, data scientists must choose privacy parameters $(\epsilon,\delta)$. Choosing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Daniel Bernau , Günther Eibl , Philip W. Grassal , Hannah Keller , Florian Kerschbaum

AI-based face recognition, i.e., the re-identification of individuals within images, is an already well established technology for video surveillance, for user authentication, for tagging photos of friends, etc. This paper demonstrates that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-26 Stefan Vamosi , Michael Platzer , Thomas Reutterer

The current "notice and consent" paradigm is broken: consent dialogues are often manipulative, and users cannot realistically read or understand every privacy policy. While recent LLM-based tools empower users seeking active control, many…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Vincent Freiberger

The evolution of generative AI systems exposes the challenges of traditional legal and ethical frameworks built around consent. This chapter examines how the conventional notion of consent, while fundamental to data protection and privacy…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Giada Pistilli , Bruna Trevelin

Attribute inference - the process of analyzing publicly available data in order to uncover hidden information - has become a major threat to privacy, given the recent technological leap in machine learning. One way to tackle this threat is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Marcin Waniek , Navya Suri , Abdullah Zameek , Bedoor AlShebli , Talal Rahwan

Digital and physical footprints are a trail of user activities collected over the use of software applications and systems. As software becomes ubiquitous, protecting user privacy has become challenging. With the increase of user privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Pattaraporn Sangaroonsilp , Hoa Khanh Dam , Morakot Choetkiertikul , Chaiyong Ragkhitwetsagul , Aditya Ghose

Many popular applications use traces of user data to offer various services to their users. However, even if user data is anonymized and obfuscated, a user's privacy can be compromised through the use of statistical matching techniques that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-29 Nazanin Takbiri , Amir Houmansadr , Dennis L. Goeckel , Hossein Pishro-Nik

The rapid rise of IoT and Big Data has facilitated copious data driven applications to enhance our quality of life. However, the omnipresent and all-encompassing nature of the data collection can generate privacy concerns. Hence, there is a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Mert Al , Semih Yagli , Sun-Yuan Kung