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We investigate the problem of testing whether $d$ random variables, which may or may not be continuous, are jointly (or mutually) independent. Our method builds on ideas of the two variable Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC) but…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2016-11-07 Niklas Pfister , Peter Bühlmann , Bernhard Schölkopf , Jonas Peters

A new non parametric approach to the problem of testing the independence of two random process is developed. The test statistic is the Hilbert Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC), which was used previously in testing independence for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-06-18 Kacper Chwialkowski , Arthur Gretton

This work investigates the problem of testing whether $d$ functional random variables are jointly independent using a modified estimator of the $d$-variable Hilbert Schmidt Indepedence Criterion ($d$HSIC) which generalizes HSIC for the case…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-08-16 Terence Kevin Manfoumbi Djonguet , Guy Martial Nkiet

Testing the dependency between two random variables is an important inference problem in statistics since many statistical procedures rely on the assumption that the two samples are independent. To test whether two samples are independent,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-04 Jin-Ting Zhang , Tianming Zhu

Dependence measures based on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, also known as Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion and denoted HSIC, are widely used to statistically decide whether or not two random vectors are dependent. Recently,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-13 Mélisande Albert , Béatrice Laurent , Amandine Marrel , Anouar Meynaoui

In nonparametric independence testing, we observe i.i.d.\ data $\{(X_i,Y_i)\}_{i=1}^n$, where $X \in \mathcal{X}, Y \in \mathcal{Y}$ lie in any general spaces, and we wish to test the null that $X$ is independent of $Y$. Modern test…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-20 Shubhanshu Shekhar , Ilmun Kim , Aaditya Ramdas

Testing the independence between two random variables $x$ and $y$ is an important problem in statistics and machine learning, where the kernel-based tests of independence is focused to address the study of dependence recently. The advantage…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-04-14 Wen-Yu Hua , Philip Reiss , Debashis Ghosh

Measurements of systems taken along a continuous functional dimension, such as time or space, are ubiquitous in many fields, from the physical and biological sciences to economics and engineering.Such measurements can be viewed as…

We introduce a general non-parametric independence test between right-censored survival times and covariates, which may be multivariate. Our test statistic has a dual interpretation, first in terms of the supremum of a potentially infinite…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-11-23 Tamara Fernandez , Arthur Gretton , David Rindt , Dino Sejdinovic

The Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) and its joint-independence extension $d\mathrm{HSIC}$ are degenerate $V$-statistics whose data-dependent weighted-$\chi^2$ null limits force a permutation calibration that multiplies the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-22 Felix Laumann , Zhaolu Liu , Mauricio Barahona

Conditional independence testing is an important problem, especially in Bayesian network learning and causal discovery. Due to the curse of dimensionality, testing for conditional independence of continuous variables is particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Kun Zhang , Jonas Peters , Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schoelkopf

Kernel dependence measures yield accurate estimates of nonlinear relations between random variables, and they are also endorsed with solid theoretical properties and convergence rates. Besides, the empirical estimates are easy to compute in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-03 Adrián Pérez-Suay , Gustau Camps-Valls

We describe a novel non-parametric statistical hypothesis test of relative dependence between a source variable and two candidate target variables. Such a test enables us to determine whether one source variable is significantly more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-28 Wacha Bounliphone , Arthur Gretton , Arthur Tenenhaus , Matthew Blaschko

We develop a Hilbert--Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC)-based framework for testing serial independence in strictly stationary time series. The proposed auto Hilbert--Schmidt independence criterion (AutoHSIC) measures dependence between…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-22 Muyi Li , Yuqing Xu , Zhou Zhou

Conditional independence testing is a fundamental problem underlying causal discovery and a particularly challenging task in the presence of nonlinear and high-dimensional dependencies. Here a fully non-parametric test for continuous data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-09-06 Jakob Runge

A statistical test of independence may be constructed using the Hilbert-Schmidt Independence Criterion (HSIC) as a test statistic. The HSIC is defined as the distance between the embedding of the joint distribution, and the embedding of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-01-27 Arthur Gretton

This paper proposes some novel one-sided omnibus tests for independence between two multivariate stationary time series. These new tests apply the Hilbert-Schmidt independence criterion (HSIC) to test the independence between the…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-04-27 Guochang Wang , Wai Keung Li , Ke Zhu

Kernel-based hypothesis tests offer a flexible, non-parametric tool to detect high-order interactions in multivariate data, beyond pairwise relationships. Yet the scalability of such tests is limited by the computationally demanding…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-09 Zhaolu Liu , Robert L. Peach , Mauricio Barahona

The Y-test is a useful tool for detecting missing confounders in the context of a multivariate regression.However, it is rarely used in practice since it requires identifying multiple conditionally independent instruments, which is often…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-22 Jaime Sevilla , Alexandra Mayn

Inferring causal relationships between variable pairs in the observational study is crucial but challenging, due to the presence of unmeasured confounding. While previous methods employed the negative controls to adjust for the confounding…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-21 Yong Wu , Yanwei Fu , Shouyan Wang , Yizhou Wang , Xinwei Sun
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