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Variational quantum algorithms are promising candidates for delivering practical quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware. However, optimizing the noisy cost functions associated with these algorithms is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-06 Andy C. Y. Li , Imanol Hernandez

Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) with random structures have poor trainability due to the exponentially vanishing gradient as the circuit depth and the qubit number increase. This result leads to a general belief that a deep QNN will not be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-28 Kaining Zhang , Min-Hsiu Hsieh , Liu Liu , Dacheng Tao

Application-inspired benchmarks measure how well a quantum device performs meaningful calculations. In the case of parameterized circuit training, the computational task is the preparation of a target quantum state via optimization over a…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Kathleen E. Hamilton , Raphael C. Pooser

Can near-term gate model based quantum processors offer quantum advantage for practical applications in the pre-fault tolerance noise regime? A class of algorithms which have shown some promise in this regard are the so-called…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-13 Guillaume Verdon , Michael Broughton , Jacob Biamonte

In the paper, a gradient-free optimization algorithm for single-qubit quantum classifier is proposed to overcome the effects of barren plateau caused by quantum devices. A rotation gate RX({\phi}) is applied on a single-qubit binary quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-11 Anqi Zhang , Xiaoyun He , Shengmei Zhao

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) hold great potentials for near-term applications and are promising to achieve quantum advantage on practical tasks. However, VQAs suffer from severe barren plateau problem as well as have a large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Shuo Liu , Shi-Xin Zhang , Shao-Kai Jian , Hong Yao

Quantum error detection can produce unbiased expectation values that exponentially converge to noiseless results as the code distance is increased. Despite this, its performance as an error mitigation technique is relatively understudied on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 Yanis Le Fur , Ethan Egger , Hong-Ye Hu , Vincent Russo , William J. Zeng , Ryan LaRose

Many optimization methods for training variational quantum algorithms are based on estimating gradients of the cost function. Due to the statistical nature of quantum measurements, this estimation requires many circuit evaluations, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-14 Lennart Bittel , Jens Watty , Martin Kliesch

Quantum computers are inherently affected by noise. While in the long-term error correction codes will account for noise at the cost of increasing physical qubits, in the near-term the performance of any quantum algorithm should be tested…

The difficulty of training variational quantum algorithms and quantum machine learning models is well established. In particular, quantum loss landscapes are often highly non-convex and dominated by poor local minima. While this renders…

Variational hybrid quantum-classical algorithms are some of the most promising workloads for near-term quantum computers without error correction. The aim of these variational algorithms is to guide the quantum system to a target state that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-18 Shavindra P. Premaratne , A. Y. Matsuura

Quantum error mitigation has been proposed as a means to combat unwanted and unavoidable errors in near-term quantum computing without the heavy resource overheads required by fault tolerant schemes. Recently, error mitigation has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-15 Yihui Quek , Daniel Stilck França , Sumeet Khatri , Johannes Jakob Meyer , Jens Eisert

As quantum error corrections still cannot be realized physically, quantum noise is the most profound obstacle to the implementations of large-scale quantum algorithms or quantum schemes. It has been well-known that if a quantum computer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-04 Weixiao Sun , Fuchuan Wei , Yuguo Shao , Zhaohui Wei

As we are entering the era of constructing practical quantum computers, suppressing the inevitable noise to accomplish reliable computational tasks will be the primary goal. Leakage noise, as the amplitude population leaking outside the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-07 Chen Ding , Xiao-Yue Xu , Shuo Zhang , Wan-Su Bao , He-Liang Huang

Quantum Variational Circuits (QVCs) are often claimed as one of the most potent uses of both near term and long term quantum hardware. The standard approaches to optimizing these circuits rely on a classical system to compute the new…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-11 Owen Lockwood

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are often viewed as the best hope for near-term quantum advantage. However, recent studies have shown that noise can severely limit the trainability of VQAs, e.g., by exponentially flattening the cost…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-14 Samson Wang , Piotr Czarnik , Andrew Arrasmith , M. Cerezo , Lukasz Cincio , Patrick J. Coles

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) promise efficient use of near-term quantum computers. However, training VQAs often requires an extensive amount of time and suffers from the barren plateau problem where the magnitude of the gradients…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-24 Tobias Haug , M. S. Kim

Excess noise is a major obstacle to high-performance continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD), which is mainly derived from the amplitude attenuation and phase fluctuation of quantum signals caused by channel instability. Here,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-22 Kexin Liang , Geng Chai , Zhengwen Cao , Qing Wang , Lei Wang , Jinye Peng

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) offer the most promising path to obtaining quantum advantages via noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) processors. Such systems leverage classical optimization to tune the parameters of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-26 Sharu Theresa Jose , Osvaldo Simeone

We consider the problem of devising a suitable Quantum Error Correction (QEC) procedures for a generic quantum noise acting on a quantum circuit. In general, there is no analytic universal procedure to obtain the encoding and correction…