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Binary endpoints are common in clinical trials and conditional odds ratios have traditionally been used to assess treatment effects. However, the interpretation of odds ratios is difficult, they are non-collapsible and rely on strong…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-20 Martin Schnuerch , Alex Ocampo , Klaus Kähler Holst , Christian Stock

We study optimal variance reduction solutions for count and ratio metrics in online controlled experiments. Our methods leverage flexible machine learning tools to incorporate covariates that are independent from the treatment but have…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-05 Ying Jin , Shan Ba

Many policy evaluations involve vectors of category-specific quantities, either categorical outcomes (e.g., employment type, major choice) or compositional measures (e.g., GDP by sector, votes by party, electricity generation by source). In…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-19 Onil Boussim

Various threshold effects are investigated on a discrete quasi-1D scattering system. In particular, one of these effects is to add corrections to Levinson's theorem. We explain how these corrections are due to the opening or to the closing…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 T. T. Nguyen , D. Parra , S. Richard

To address the needs of modeling uncertainty in sensitive machine learning applications, the setup of distributionally robust optimization (DRO) seeks good performance uniformly across a variety of tasks. The recent multi-distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-01 Rafael Hanashiro , Patrick Jaillet

Residual marked empirical process-based tests are commonly used in regression models. However, they suffer from data sparseness in high-dimensional space when there are many covariates. This paper has three purposes. First, we suggest a…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-10-27 Xuehu Zhu , Xu Guo , Lixing Zhu

We study a model where one target variable Y is correlated with a vector X:=(X_1,...,X_d) of predictor variables being potential causes of Y. We describe a method that infers to what extent the statistical dependences between X and Y are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-11 Dominik Janzing , Bernhard Schoelkopf

Difference-in-differences (DiD) is arguably the most popular quasi-experimental research design. Its canonical form, with two groups and two periods, is well-understood. However, empirical practices can be ad hoc when researchers go beyond…

Taken traditionally as a no-go theorem against the theorization of inductive processes, Duhem-Quine thesis may interfere with the essence of statistical inference. This difficulty can be resolved by Micro-Macro duality \cite{Oj03, Oj05}…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-28 Izumi Ojima , Kazuya Okamura

Difference-in-differences (DID) approaches are widely used for estimating causal effects with observational data before and after an intervention. DID traditionally estimates the average treatment effect among the treated after making a…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-24 Julia C. Thome , Andrew J. Spieker , Peter F. Rebeiro , Chun Li , Tong Li , Bryan E. Shepherd

Due to the explosion in size and complexity of modern data sets and privacy concerns of data holders, it is increasingly important to be able to solve machine learning problems in distributed manners. The Alternating Direction Method of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Saeedeh Parsaeefard , Alberto Leon Garcia

Random-effects models are frequently used to synthesise information from different studies in meta-analysis. While likelihood-based inference is attractive both in terms of limiting properties and of implementation, its application in…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-02-16 Ioannis Kosmidis , Annamaria Guolo , Cristiano Varin

The use of multiple Decision Models (DMs) enables to enhance the accuracy in decisions and at the same time allows users to evaluate the confidence in decision making. In this paper we explore the ability of multiple DMs to learn from a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2008-05-27 Vitaly Schetinin , Dayou Li , Carsten Maple

Although treatment effects can be estimated from observed outcome distributions obtained from proper randomization in clinical trials, covariate adjustment is recommended to increase precision. For important treatment effects, such as odds…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-03 Susanne Dandl , Torsten Hothorn

In the signal processing and statistics literature, the minimum description length (MDL) principle is a popular tool for choosing model complexity. Successful examples include signal denoising and variable selection in linear regression,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-28 Zhenyu Wei , Raymond K. W. Wong , Thomas C. M. Lee

The multilevel model (MLM) is the popular approach to describe dependences of hierarchically clustered observations. A main feature is the capability to estimate (cluster-specific) random effect parameters, while their distribution…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-06-21 Jean-Paul Fox , Wouter Smink

An important question in statistical network analysis is how to estimate models of discrete and dependent network data with intractable likelihood functions, without sacrificing computational scalability and statistical guarantees. We…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Jonathan R. Stewart , Michael Schweinberger

An approach to inference for relative sparsity was developed in prior work, and an adaptive lasso asymptotic normality theorem was given there, but this theorem was not fully used when estimating the variance of the policy coefficients.…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-05 Samuel Julian Weisenthal

The likelihood ratio test (LRT) is widely used for comparing the relative fit of nested latent variable models. Following Wilks' theorem, the LRT is conducted by comparing the LRT statistic with its asymptotic distribution under the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-08 Yunxiao Chen , Irini Moustaki , Haoran Zhang

Local variable selection aims to test for the effect of covariates on an outcome within specific regions. We outline a challenge that arises in the presence of non-linear effects and model misspecification. Specifically, for common…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-02 David Rossell , Arnold Kisuk Kseung , Ignacio Saez , Michele Guindani